Renewable energy (RE) is the potential solution to the current world's problems pertaining to the energy crisis and environmental concerns. Like other countries Bangladesh, which is currently starving for energy, has given more importance to RE especially solar energy to mitigate the energy-related problems. According to RE policy of Bangladesh, the targeted RE share was 5% to be achieved by 2015 (500 MW). At the beginning of 2018, the country was able to install ~506 MW from RE sources (3.10%), in which significant portion comes from solar energy. The factors that contributed mainly to achieve the target are government policies and initiatives, international influence, solar panel price reduction, private sector participation, public awareness. In this study, the influences of these factors have been discussed. Besides, the technologies implemented for the fulfillment of RE share target has been analyzed.

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Abstract:The performance of a solar hot water system is assessed for heat pump and domestic heating applications. Thermodynamic analysis on a serpentine-type thermosyphon flat-plate solar heater is conducted using the Second Law of thermodynamics. Exergetic optimization is first performed to determine the parameters for the maximum exergy efficiency using MATLAB optimization toolbox. Geometric parameters (collector surface area, dimensions, and pipe diameter), optical parameters (transmittance absorptance product), ambient temperature, solar irradiation and operating parameters (mass flow rate, fluid temperature, and overall heat transfer (loss) coefficient) are accounted for in the optimization scheme. The exergy efficiency at optimum condition is found to be 3.72%. The results are validated using experimental data and found to be in good agreement. The analysis is further extended to the influence of various operating parameters on the exergetic efficiency. It is observed that optical and thermal exergy losses contribute almost 20%, whereas approximately 77% exergy destruction is contributed by the thermal energy conversion. Exergy destruction due to pressure drop is found negligible. The result of this analysis can be used for designing and optimization of domestic heat pump system and hot water application.

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