This paper frames the approach to determining policies in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, which either prioritise human health security protection or economic vulnerability. In this paper, the human security concept will be used to explain COVID-19 as a health security problem due to the existence of an existential threat. However, the same approach is not applicable in looking at COVID-19 as an economic security problem. Because the existential threat is less visible in human economic security aspects, it tends to be more appropriate to look at COVID-19 as the stressor that strengthens human vulnerabilities. This paper uses a qualitative descriptive approach by using the conceptual framework to analyse news, reports, books, and academic journals as the sources of data. The writers analyse and group the data by types of security, as well as based upon the root causes that contribute to human vulnerability, then compare both sectors. This paper argues that in the pandemic situation, human health is threatened, whereas the economy is at a vulnerable position due to COVID-19. This paper also argues that COVID-19 has not yet threatened human economic security in the early stage, but soon, it will. As a result, stakeholders need to prioritise policies based on the human health security approach.

Globalization of information, culture, products, and services move faster and easier, influencing the firm adjusts to uncertain conditions. Adapting to globalization is critical for the firm to sustain a business environment.Kampung Batik Laweyan is a community engaged in the garment industry sector. It consists of several manufacturers who produce batik-painted cloth and fabric distributed not only in the local market but also in the global market. With the burden-sharing approach,Kampung Batik Laweyan attempts to reach the worldwide market while bridging local and internationalization. This research focuses on the strategy of penetrating Indonesia's cultural and art products. This research has two purposes (1) the process of internationalizing the local values through Solo batik painting to penetrate the global market and (2) to examine the innovations of the products made byKampung Batik Laweyan through the burden-sharing Strategy. We found Kampung Batik Laweyan, through Puspa Kencana and Batik Mahkota, bridging locality and Internationalization through innovations of the products which contain elements of locality into product and reach the global market. Moreover, the principle of the burden-sharing mechanism is implemented in the production strategy between Kampung Batik Laweyan with producers and other actors in other countries. It would promote cultural and local values to preserve the nation's culture.

This study discusses the correlation between local values in international relations, especially in applying the concept of Good Governance. An optimal and collaborative system can help establish the right conditions for industries to build domestic and international cooperation. This system is reflected in the production of painting fabric in Jebres, Solo. Nasrafa, as one of the producers of painting fabric to use the local values that earn the company prestigious national awards and the increasing number of foreign buyers. This paper argues that local values do not always take shape as the physical products but also the philosophy and the process in which the fabric was produced. These local values are then shaped into integrity management that makes Nasrafa a local painting fabric producer who manages to compete in the global market. This research also argues that the success of export business is caused by the massive and structured support from the government, corporations, and local citizens.

Environmental problem is one of the issues that continues to be hot every year because it has a direct influence on human life. The environment is currently the concern of many people, both individually, community groups, organizations and other parties. The very large number of MSEs, especially the food and beverage business, has great potential to produce waste. Currently, the problem of plastic waste is one of the government's concerns, giving an appeal to reduce the use of plastic waste, especially for shopping at supermarkets. Several food and drink places have started to implement environmental care by doing a variety of ways. Some examples include not providing a straw, changing plates or disposable food containers into containers that can be used multiple times. This research uses a combination of quantitative and qualitative research. In this study, the population is MSMEs in Central Java, Indonesia. This study only takes a few people who are representative. The sample used must be able to represent and reflect the existing population. The number of samples in this study were 30 respondents, namely small and medium enterprises in the city of Semarang who have implemented an environmentally friendly concept in the businesses they run. The analysis technique used in this study is a quantitative analysis technique, the aim is to estimate the quantitative effect of changes in one or several other events using Lisrel software tool. Used to test the validity and reliability test, test coefficient, regression test and coefficient of determination. The amount of Environmental awareness, Environmental knowledge and Environmental Promotion towards the exogenous latent variable Environmental Concept is shown by the R square value (R2), the R square value 0.80 shows the contribution/effect of Environmental awareness, Environmental knowledge and Environmental Promotion to the Environmental Concept of 80.0%, the remaining 20.0% is influenced by other factors.

Pada masa reformasi, faktor ekonomi telah menjadi kekuatan pendorong di belakang pertumbuhan dan pembangunan China. Untuk menjaga keberlangsungan ekonomi secara berkelanjutan, China telah merubah orientasi besar dengan menghadirkan model pembangunan kepada negara lain dengan proyek Belt and Road. Arikel ini bertujuan untuk merumuskan tawaran pembangunan China dengan memaparkan beberapa instrument pembangunannya. Untuk mengamati transisi China terhadap ekonomi global khususnya dalam pembangunan penulis menggunakan pendekatan strategic transition yang diambil berdasarkan kajian terhadap politik luar negeri China. Kemudian penulis menganalisis strategi dengan menerapkan instrument yang digunakan dalam internasionalisasi, serta mengkaji dalam beberapa regional terutama di Asia Tenggara dan Asia Selatan. Berdasarkan analisis data, penulis menemukan bahwa dalam transisi ke dalam ekonomi internasional China telah menggunakan beberapa instrumen yaitu: inisiasi Belt and Road sebagai proyek pembangunan serta instrument lembaga keuangan.