ObjectiveThis study was conducted to determine and recommend the most up-to-date information on the indications, complications, and outcomes of posterior surgical treatments for cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) on the basis of a literature review. MethodsA comprehensive literature search was performed, using the MEDLINE (PubMed), the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science databases, for peer-reviewed articles published in English during the last 10 years. ResultsPosterior techniques, which include laminectomy alone, laminectomy with fusion, and laminoplasty, are often used in patients with involvement of 3 or more levels. Posterior decompression for CSM is effective for improving patients’ neurological function. Complications resulting from posterior cervical spine surgery include injury to the spinal cord and nerve roots, complications related to posterior screw fixation or instrumentation, C5 palsy, spring-back closure of lamina, and postlaminectomy kyphosis. ConclusionIt is necessary to consider multiple factors when deciding on the appropriate operation for a particular patient. Surgeons need to tailor preoperative discussions to ensure that patients are aware of these facts. Further research is needed on the cost-to-benefit analysis of various surgical approaches, the comparative efficacy of surgical approaches using various techniques, and long-term outcomes, as current knowledge is deficient in this regard.

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BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization declared the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a global pandemic, which classifies the outbreak as an international emergency. This disease has been confirmed as the first pandemic in 21st century. Healthcare workers on the front line who are directly involved in the diagnosis, treatment, and care of patients with COVID-19 are at risk of being stigmatized. AIM: This study was a review. METHODS: This study was conducted by conducting analytic appraisal using published journals and sources through an electronic database. RESULTS: From cases in Indonesia and other countries, there’s bunch of examples that healthcare workers being negatively stigmatized in case of COVID-19. They lost their rights to have a normal life in this pandemic era. DISCUSSION: The government itself has actually promoted socialization about COVID-19, including the importance of mutual support and assistance including morally and psychosocially for the sufferers and health workers involved. However, negative stigma for health workers and patients and their families suffering from COVID-19 remains strongly attached until nowadays. Synergy between the central government, regional governments, community leaders, and referral hospital officials are certainly important to overcome this stigma problem, in addition to promoting education in the community. CONCLUSION: Synergy among the central government, regional governments, community leaders, and referral hospital officials is certainly important to overcome this stigma problem, in addition to promoting education in the communit

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The aim of this review to determine recommendations for classification and radiological diagnosis of thoracolumbar spine fractures. Recommendation was made through a literature review of the last 10 years. The statements created by the authors were discussed and voted on during 2 consensus meetings organized by the WFNS (World Federation Neurosurgical Societies) Spine Committee. The literature review was yielded 256 abstracts, of which 32 were chosen for full-text analysis. Thirteen papers evaluated the reliability of a classification system by our expert members and were also chosen in this guideline analysis. This literature review-based recommendation provides the classification and radiologic diagnosis in thoracolumbar spine fractures that can elucidate the management decision-making in clinical practice.