Senna alata is one of the species of Senna plant from the family of Fabaceae. It is not only the ornamental plant but also possesses many medicinal activities. Antifungal, antibacterial, laxation, hypoglycaemic and diuretic are some of the activities and properties shown by Senna alata plant. Antifungal properties of this plant are considered asimportant and beneficial in medical field. Senna alataconsists of a variety of compounds in different parts of plant in which anthraquinones and aglycones are important antifungal compounds. These compounds play a major role in antifungal potential just because of significant moieties present in their structures. Extracts of Senna alata plant are used for treatment of various skin diseases and it proves to be best alternative to synthetic antifungal medicines. In present review article, we summarized the Senna alata antifungal activity by using different techniques, its beneficial effects on humans, its chemical constituents and its applications in pharmaceutical industries.

In the modern era, problems like eutrophication caused by increased nutrients such as ammonia and phosphorous in freshwater bodies have become the cause of freshwater ecosystem deterioration. To save freshwater by reducing eutrophication, new cost-effective strategies and methods are urgently needed. In this study, titanium oxide nanoparticles dispersed on zeolite were chemically synthesized for the simultaneous removal of phosphate and ammonium ions from aqueous solutions. SEM and XRD analysis were used to characterize the synthesized TiO2/zeolite nanocomposites, which revealed that the synthesized material was more stable and dispersed than zeolite. The nanocomposites removed 38.8% NH4+ and 98.1% PO43− from an initial concentration of both ions of 20 mg 100 ml−1. The removal of both ions was investigated under various conditions including different concentrations of nanocomposites, initial concentration of the solution, temperature, time, and pH. The maximum adsorption of nanocomposites for PO43- was 38.63 mg g−1 at optimal conditions, and 3.75 mg g−1 for NH4+. Kinematics studies showed that both the ions were adsorbed by a pseudo-second-order model. Ion chemisorption occurred as a result of ligand exchange or electrostatic adsorption between ions and nanocomposites. Overall, it was determined that this strategy is a viable and efficient method for simultaneously removing both ions (anionic phosphate and cationic ammonium) from eutrophic waters.

Cinnamon zeylanicum is one of the species of cinnamon plant from the family of Lauraceae. It is not only the main ingredient of spices but also exhibits many medicinal properties. Anti-microbial, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-tyrosinase, anti-carcinogenic and anti-mutagenic are some of the activities shown by cinnamon. Radical scavenging and reducing properties of cinnamon are considered as beneficial and important in the field of medicine. Cinnamon zeylanicum consists of a variety of phenolic and flavonoid compounds in different parts of plant. These compounds play major role in antioxidant potential just because of their significant structure and moieties. Cinnamon essential oils are also used for treatment of chronic disorders and it proves to be best alternative to synthetic antioxidants. In present review article we summarized the Cinnamon zeylanicum antioxidant activity by using antioxidant assays, its chemical constituents, its beneficial effects on humans and its applications in various industries as antioxidants.

Flavonoids are the pigments present in plants which mostly found in terrestrial plants. Flavonoids are indeed a naturally present group of polyphenolic compounds present in plants. They were driven by the term "flavus," which means "yellow." It is a 15-carbon skeleton compound. They have fused aromatic ring and benzopyran heterocyclic ring having oxygen atom in it along with phenyl substituent. They are synthesized from Phenylalanine. In cereals and Herbs, they are mainly found. Flavonoids are compounds that are biologically active. They provide color and protection from ultraviolet rays. They have many classes based upon oxidative status, number, and types of substituents present. Flavonoids exist naturally in the form of polymers, most commonly in dimers form. They occur primarily in β-glycosides form except for Catechins. They can help in the inhibition of enzymes and stimulate some hormones along with some neurotransmitters. They also show the properties of scavenging free radicals. They can inhibit or kill many bacterial strains, viral enzymes, and pathogenic protozoans. There are various techniques and methods for the synthesis of natural products artificially. In the present study, we have attempted to cover different synthetic methods for flavonoid synthesis to find its best way to synthesize. It was concluded that Baker & Venkatraman synthesis and Claisen-Schmidt condensation are well-known methods used to synthesize flavonoids.