Purpose of the study: This research explores CPEC as a model of "Economic Interdependence" for being a mega driver of Globalization, which can bring economic equilibrium through development and interconnectivity for resolution of Kashmir dispute by connecting institutional and diplomatic channels to the economic interdependency. Methodology: This research is based on secondary data collected from various sources like academic papers, electronic sources, Newspapers, Periodicals, Journals, organizational reports, and books. For interpretation of data, descriptive and analytical approach has to be adopted by using the deductive method of investigation. Principal Findings: The main findings indicate that CPEC will provide grounds for minimizing conflicts on accounts of consistent regional and intra-regional economic connectivity. CPEC will transfigure the geographic position of Azad Jammu and Kashmir into an asset to be an economic engine for the establishment of peace in the region by amicable resolution of prolonged Kashmir dispute using economic connectivity. Applications of this study: This research will be helpful for academics of peace and conflict studies, International Relations, diplomacy and strategic management, policymakers, diplomats of Pakistan, China, and India. It will contribute to the resolution of the Kashmir dispute. Novelty/Originality of this study: The novelty/originality of this research lies in the attempt to correlate the concepts of "CPEC as an actor of economic interdependence" and "CPEC as a catalyst for the amicable resolution of Kashmir dispute."

This research, based on a review of secondary information, explores how the government of China and the country's leading technological enterprises are working together to develop infrastructure for next-generation digital technologies, e.g. artificial intelligence, cloud computing, quantum computing, 5G networks, navigation satellites, and fiber optic cables; to establish technical norms and standards; and to provide services and digital content, e.g. digital messaging applications, mobile payment systems, and e-commerce platforms, to emergent markets; as well as how digital corporate giants of China like Alibaba, Huawei, Baidu, ZTE, China Telecom, China Mobile, China Unicom, and Tencent have been challenging the prevailing status quo. Beijing seeks to assert its dominant role in world affairs through the Digital Silk Road (DSR) to globally influence and control a sizable part of the digital economy. The DSR has significant potential for enhancement of digital interdependence with the underdeveloped and some advanced economies by bridging the gap created by the absence of a critical infrastructure of global digital technology. There is no viable competitor to the DSR's exciting and long-term vision of a globally connected digital future for facilitating mutual growth and collaboration that will ultimately push for a dependency of other countries on DSR under the Belt and Road Initiative.

The year 2007 was proved as an eventful for the judiciary of Pakistan because Iftikhar Chaudhry, Chief Justice of Pakistan, started to assert the power of the judiciary. He vehemently tried to make the judiciary only and the real institution of enforcing the law for the liberty of the people. However, under tremendous pubic pressure and lawyers' movement, Musharraf had to reinstate the Chief Justice. Now Iftikhar Chaudhry resumed the halted task of taking suo motu actions to provide relief to the public. Against this backdrop, the study traces the causes behind judicial activism in Pakistan and its impact on the liberty of people. The performance of the judiciary in the form of Public Interest Litigation (PIL) to empower the masses is discussed. The study also focuses on the important cases handled by the apex court in the manners that gave the impression of judicial martial law. It is an analytical study where important cases are analyzed to show the power and strength of the judiciary in Pakistan. The research concludes that there is a need for judicial restraint so that the democratic principle of separation of power should be maintained.

This descriptive and analytical study aims to explore the ideology of ruling elites in Pakistan. Throughout the political and constitutional history of Pakistan, the governments, whether civilian or military, seem reluctant to politically mobilize the masses. The evolution of rational-democratic development in the country was tempered with undemocratic forces. Governing elite's lofty claims for the democratic and stable state are not fully materialized. This article highlights the reasons behind the reluctance of ruling elites to promote a rational democratic culture. The apparent reason is the lack of parliamentary culture in Pakistan. The representatives are elected by the people to present their demands in parliament. All policies, whether internal or external, should be originated within the parliament.Thus, the role of parliament is very important to introduce and promote the culture of rational, inclusive ideology. The governing elites,particularly the military regimes, introduced democratic reforms just to get political support for seemingly democratic legitimacy. The article investigates the causes of political instability and the patronage of political culture.

Aim: To determine the yield of tibial lengthening procedure using NA external fixator in our patients at GMC, Gujranwala, and KEMU, Lahore, Pakistan. In addition, this study will also find significant factors associated with success of the NA fixator-assisted lengthening surgery. Methods: This cross-sectional analysis include patients having short tibia who underwent tibial lengthening procedure using NA external fixator. These patients were categorized int two groups: successful lengthening and unsuccessful lengthening procedure groups. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 25. Independent sample T test, Chi-square test, and binary logistic regression analysis were applied. The p-values were taken statistically significant if < 0.05. Independent sample T test and Chi-square test for independence were used for quantitative and qualitative variables respectively to determine their significant association with the success of the tibial lengthening procedure. The p-values were taken statistically significant if <0.05. Results: Amongst 100 patients, healing occurred, and lengthening achieved in 94% and healing did not occur in 6%. The duration of hospitalization was statistically significantly less among the patients in which lengthening procedure was successful as compared to the patients in which lengthening procedure was not successful (4.83±3.44 days vs 11.00±5.59 days, p<0.01). All 6 patients in which lengthening procedure was not successful got no plaster on fixator removal (p<0.01). The skin reactions to the pins was significantly less among the group of the patients in which lengthening procedure was successful as compared to the group of the patients in which lengthening procedure was unsuccessful (p=0.027). Tibial lengthening procedure was significantly unsuccessful among the patients who received bone grafting during lengthening procedure (p<0.01). Conclusion: The yield of tibial lengthening procedure using NA external fixator was excellent in our studied population. Duration of hospitalization as well as the reaction to pins was significantly higher among the patients in which lengthening procedure was unsuccessful. Similarly, the unsuccessful tibial lengthening procedure was significantly common for the patients who received bone grafting during lengthening procedure. Keywords: Short Tibia, Tibial lengthening surgery, NA external fixator, Yield, SPSS