Experimental and theoretical studies of the production of lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4) using sol-gel method have been carried out on a larger scale than previous studies.  The purpose of this investigation was to observe sample behavior along the synthesis process to be considered in further scale-up production of lithium manganese oxide, based on the sol-gel method. Calcination products were analyzed by TGA and crystalline phase formation analyzed by XRD. LiMn2O4 spinel phase was formed at 600oC. SEM showed some interesting morphology. Xerogel swelling was observed overwhelmingly during drying at 250oC to 300oC. Exothermic occurrence as a source of irregular and unpredictable auto combustion in the calcination process. Both phenomenon were not observed in a xerogel made with a small amount precursor. Therefore, initial mixture adjustment and additional steps were considered for production.

KARAKTERISASI MATERIAL INSULASI KABEL LISTRIK TEGANGAN RENDAH DARI PRODUK LOKAL PASCA IRADIASI GAMMA. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mempelajari pengaruh radiasi gamma terhadap karakter polimer semi kristalin pada material insulasi kabel listrik tegangan rendah dari produk lokal, terkait penggunaannya di fasilitas dengan radiasi gamma tinggi. Sampel uji diiradiasi menggunakan perangkat Gamma Cell dengan dosis radiasi sebesar 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 dan 800 kGy. Derajat kristalinitas dan komposisi senyawa dari sampel uji dianalisis dengan uji XRD dan dikarakterisasi menggunakan FTIR. Berdasarkan uji XRD yang dilakukan, tidak teramati adanya perbedaan signifikan pada pola difraksi antara sampel uji non iradiasi maupun sampel uji iradiasi dengan variasi besar dosis. Hal ini mengindikasikan tidak terdapat perubahan fase mayor dari senyawa kristalin yang terkandung dalam sampel uji terkait. Adapun derajat kristalinitas dari sampel uji cenderung menurun seiring meningkatnya dosis radiasi yang diberikan. Hasil analisis FTIR menunjukkan adanya perbedaan transmittance yang fluktuatif antar sampel uji dengan dosis radiasi gamma yang berbeda juga dengan sampel uji non-iradiasi gamma. Adanya spektra yang semakin melebar di 400 kGy dan 800 kGy, pada wavenumber 3369 – 3370 cm-1, hal ini mengindikasikan adanya gugus O-H stretch. Pengujian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk menguatkan identifikasi terhadap gugus fungsi, penentuan senyawa organik, maupun evaluasi terhadap karakter mekanik sampel uji yang sekaligus diperlukan untuk mengonfirmasi dugaan adanya gangguan terhadap asosiasi polimer-plasticizer.Kata kunci: Polimer semi kristalin, irradiasi gamma, derajat kristalinitas, perubahan kimia

Sodium ion battery is one of the promising alternatives to lithium ion battery. Sodium manganese oxide as the sodium ion battery catode material has been synthesized by modifying the sol-gel method used to obtain lithium manganese oxide. The precursors used were table salt and manganese chloride. The sol-gel process used was water solvent, citric acid as a chelating agent and chitosan as the template. Thermal decomposition and formation zone obtained from simple thermal analysis using furnace and digital scales. Calcination was carried out at 600°C and 850°C for 2 hours. Crystal properties and morphology were analyzed using XRD and SEM. Based on the analysis of XRD pattern, sodium manganese oxide crystals (Na0.7MnO2.05 JCPDS 27-0751) have been formed at both of the calcination temperature. Observed morphology of the sample showed the domination Mn3O4 JCPDS 18-0803 in accordance with crystalline phase identification. These results demonstrate that the modified sol-gel method could be used to obtain sodium manganese oxide as sodium ion battery cathode material.