Objective: Aim of current study was to determine the functional outcomes of closed static intramedullary nailing with distal two plane locking versus percutaneous MIPPO distal tibial locking plate in distal 3rd tibia metaphyseal fractures. Study Design: Randomized clinical trial Place and Duration: Nishtar Hospital Multan/Qaisrani Medical Center Multan. Jan 2021-March 2022 Methods: There were 76 patients of both genders with age 15-60 years presented. All the patients had 3rd tibia metaphyseal fracture were admitted to hospital for surgery. Following the collection of informed written consent from enrolled patients, complete demographic information was gathered. Patients were equally divided into two groups. Group I received intramedullary nailing with distal two plane locking and group II received percutaneous MIPPO distal locking plate. Favorable and unfavorable outcomes among enrolled cases were compared. SPSS 22.0 was used to analyze all data. Results: There were majority males 22 (60.5%) in group I and 20 (52.6%) in group II. In group I mean age was 30.8±6.42 years with mean BMI 24.71±3.19 kg/m2 and in group II mean age was 31.14±3.58 years and had mean BMI 25.7±7.17 kg/m2. Falling, accidents, sports and lifting of heavy object was the most common cause of fractures. We found that intramedullary nailing was more effective as compared to MIPPO distal locking plate in terms of functional outcomes but difference was insignificant. Frequency of complications were higher in group II found in 14 (36.8%) as compared to group I in 4 (10.4%) cases. Conclusion: We concluded in this study that distal third tibial metaphyseal fractures were effectively operated by intramedullary nailing distal two plane locking and MIPPO distal locking plate but frequency of complications were higher in MIPPO group as compared to intramedullary nailing. Keywords: Metaphyseal Fractures, MIPPO Distal Platting, Intramedullary Nailling, Functional Outcomes, Complications

It has grown into a significant part of the country's economy as well as a primary supply of white meat and nutrition for the average family. People were interrogated by questionnaire. In this, we included all types and every age of people. Many questions were asked. Industry trends in the meat sector contribute to various meat varieties such as beef, mutton, poultry, and camel, among others. The majority of chicken production takes place on large-scale farms throughout Pakistan's provinces. Chicken is emerging meat industry but beef is still at top so far. Fishery is an important part of Pakistan's economy, as it is a significant source of revenue for coastal residents. Red meat is a nutrient-dense diet that contains significant levels of protein, vital amino acids, vitamins, and minerals, including vitamin A, iron, and zinc, all of which are commonly deficient in the world. However, several studies have connected red meat consumption to a variety of health risks, including heart disease, colon cancer, kidney illness, and digestive disorders. So it is requirement to eat only proper cooked meat to escape its harmful effects.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the differences between PHILOS and T plates in terms of functional recovery and fracture union after proximal humerus fractures. Study Design: Prospective study Place and Duration: Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bawalpur/Nishtar Hospital, Nishtar Medical University, Multan. Jun 2020-January 2022 Methods: There were a total of 48 patients, both sexes, ranging in age from 20 to 75. All the included patients had humerus fractures and admitted to hospital for operation. Age, sex, BMI, fracture aetiology, and fracture side were recorded together with other pertinent demographic information after obtaining written consent from the patients. Patients were equally divided in two groups. Group I received Proximal Humerus Internal Locking System (PHILOS) in 24 cases and group II 24 cases received T platting. Patients were followed for 12-months. Post-operative functional and union outcomes among both groups were assessed. We used SPSS 26.0 to analyze all data. Results: There were 36 (75%) male patients and 12 (25%) females among all cases. In group I mean age was 47.9±8.42 years with mean BMI 23.6±4.23 kg/m2 while in group II mean age was 50.3±7.29 years and had mean BMI 24.5±3.42 kg/m2.RTA was the most common etiology found in group I 13 cases and 12 cases in group II. Right was the most common affected side among all cases 15 in group I and 14 in group II. Mean operative time of T plates 131.3±12.16 minutes were higher as compared to PHILOS 121.2±17.40 minutes. Blood loss was also higher in T plates as compared to PHILOS with p value <0.003. As per functional results, group I showed higher frequency of excellent and good results (16.7%, 54.2%) as compared to group II (8.3%, 41.7%). Mean union time was lower in group I 11.6±5.33 weeks as compared to group II 15.8±2.52 weeks. Post-operative complications by using T plates were found higher 6 (25%) as compared to group PHILOS group 3 (12.5%). Conclusion: We concluded in this study that PHILOS platting for the fixation of proximal humerus fractures were effective and useful in terms of less blood loss, less operative time, less union time and higher number of excellent and good results as compared to T platting. Except this complications were also found lower in PHILOS platting group. Keywords: Proximal Humerus Fracture, PHILOS Plate, T Plate, Complications, Functional outcomes

Objective: The purpose of our study is to compare the safety and efficacy of MIPPO distal femoral locking plate versus retrograde nailing in distal locking plate fixation among patients suffering from distal femoral fractures. Study Design: Quasi Experimental study Place and Duration: Nishtar Hospital Multan. August 2021-May 2022 Methods: There were 112 patients of both genders with ages 15-48 years had distal femoral fractures and underwent for surgery were included in this study. After obtaining informed written consent, demographically detailed of enrolled cases were recorded. Causes of distal femoral fractures were assessed. Patients were equally categorized in two group. 56 patients in group O received MIPPO DFLP and in group P 56 cases received retrograde nailing. All patients were radiographed and categorized according on the criteria established by the AO/OTA categorization system.[13] Outcomes among both groups were assessed and compared in terms surgery duration, efficacy and complications. HSS score was used to describe effectiveness of both groups. SPSS 24.0 was used to analyze all data. Results: We found that males were higher in numbers 80 (71.4%) than females (32 (28.6%). Mean age of the included patients were 29.5±9.81 years and had mean BMI 24.8±11.44 kg/m2. Most common cause of fracture was road traffic accident (RTA) in 51 (45.5%) cases, followed by falling in 35 (31.3%) cases, sports in 17 (15.2%) cases and violence in 9 (8.04%). Most common affected side was right. As per AO classification, numbers were higher in Type 43A1 classification found in 65 (58.04%) cases. Mean union time in group O was lower 2.5±4.87 months as compared to group P 3.9±6.54 significantly with p value <0.005. We found significantly higher number of excellent results in MIPPO DFLP group found in 29 (51.8%) cases as compared to retrograde nailing group in 14 (25%) cases with p value <0.003. Complications (delayed union, non-union, deformity, bone stiffness) were found higher in group P. Conclusion: We concluded in this study that use of MIPPO DFLP for the treatment of distal third femoral shaft fractures is highly effective and useful as compared to retrograde nailing with p value <0.04 in terms of less unions time, higher excellent results and lower number of complications. Keywords: Retrograde Nailing, Distal Femoral Fractures, MIPPO DFLP, Efficacy, Complications

Alcohol, heroin, inhalants and similar are considered as drug of abuse in our society. These can ruin the lives of everyone. Infact these are slow poisons. Mostly teen agers are big victims of these drugs. They may be more likely to engage in harmful behavior. Alcohol, cigarettes, and crack cocaine are the most often consumed drugs by young people. Our objectives are to identify the effects of abusing drugs in our society and play a role to stop it. The study was done in the Faisalabad division by the interviews of people who were drug addicts through the questionnaire. This survey research was completed in March 2020 to June 2020. We interviewed about 450 drug addicts and we have found about six abusing drugs among those. The drugs were alcohol, heroin, marijuana, allergic injection, inhalant and opium and the percentage of addicts were 24, 30, 15, 14, 10 and 07 respectively. We also found 9% females and 91% males were involve and 25% were teen ager, 60% were between 20 to 40 years and 15% were above 40 years. It is concluded that authorities should play their role to stop this sin and it should be established a number of centers for treatment of the drug addicts.