Objective: To study the ameliorative effect of Alpha-Tocopherol (Vitamin E) against E-cigarette induced histomorphalogical changes in adrenal cortex of male Albino rats. Study Design: Randomized Animal Control Trial. Setting: Department of Anatomy, Islamic International Medical College Rawalpindi in collaboration with National Institute of Health (NIH), Islamabad. Period: September 2018 to September 2019. Material & Methods: 30 adult male albino rats were divided in three groups having 10 rats each. Normal diet and distilled water was given to control group (Group I) including 10 rats, for 4 weeks. The Rats of Group II were injected E-cigarette liquid 0.5mg per kg body weight per day diluted in 500ul normal saline intraperitoneally for 4 weeks. The experimental rats in Group III, in addition to E-cigarette liquid also received Vitamin E, 100mg per kg body weight per day mixed in daily diet. Dissection of the animals was done after completion of 4 weeks and adrenal gland was removed for histological analysis. Data was recorded and analyzed in SPSS™ version 21. Results: Alpha-Tocopherol restored the quantitative changes induced by E-Cigarette liquid in adrenal cortex in Group III, which was increased in the rats of Group II who were injected E-Cigarette liquid. Among microscopic parameters Orientation of cells, sinusoidal dilatation was significantly reduced in all adrenal cortex zones by Alpha-Tocopherol in Group III animals. Conclusion: The current study demonstrated that Alpha-Tocopherol had an ameliorative effect on histological changes caused by E-cigarette liquid on adrenal cortex.

Objective: To find the association between interleukin- 1 receptor associated kinase 1 rs 3027898 gene polymorphism and preeclampsia in Pakistani population. Preeclampsia (PE) is defined as hypertension with proteinuria, diagnosed after 20 week of gestation up till 2 week postpartum. . It affects 2-8% of all pregnancies and remains a leading cause of maternal and perinatal deaths worldwide  with around  344,000  women  dying  from preeclampsia in the last ten years. Incidence of preeclampsia in pregnant women in Pakistan is 1.2%. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that preeclampsia is responsible for 12% of  maternal mortality in Asia. Continuous...