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In this paper we consider the uplink of a cellular network partitioned into localized jointly decoded cells. These jointly decoded cells are implemented as fixed size clusters. Such networks have a potential for real world deployments with improved spectral efficiency and user experience. Similar to conventional cellular networks, frequency planning can be considered as an efficient method to control interference between cells belonging to different clusters. Here we consider frequency planning in the form of allocating set of frequency bins to cells within clusters. As service providers are more interested in providing QoS, the considered bin allocation apart from maximizing system throughput, should also allocate cell resources in a fair manner. We propose a new cell based QoS balancing function which helps to maximize sum rate as well as achieve cell based fairness using both coupled and decoupled power allocation schemes. To implement this function, we use SIC in order to derive cell based sum rate. The derived formulation is conditioned for both hard and soft fair1ness constraints. This is then applied as input to a Genetic Algorithm in order to optimize the derived network wide QoS balancing function. Numerical results indicate that under wide range of bandwidth conditions, and in densely located cells employing decoupled power allocation, resources are more fairly allocated than in cells employing coupled power allocation.

Conventional buildings consume large amounts of energy and are the source of greenhouse gas emissions contributing to climate change. The shortage of green buildings in Pakistan have been said to be due to shortage of knowledge of the benefits of essential green building materials and the absence of  a regulatory framework. The study is qualitative and quantitative and is divided into two parts. This review paper focuses on awareness in the Pakistan's local construction market concerning green buildings through a survey questionnaire. Data collection procedure consists of 60 questionnaires related to green building construction awareness and priorities within Karachi's construction sector. Also, a focus group and personal interviews conducted with at least 5 professionals working in local construction projects are analyzed. The research questions formed from detailed literature review were analyzed and found that energy conservation, environmental/resource conservation and improving indoor environmental quality are major driving factors for green building development. Similarly, there is a lack of knowledge of green construction methods and regulations and lack of support from the government. This has been found as the major barrier in going towards green construction. We recommend policy directions towards this end and elaborate points of concern to the authorities.  

All living things, including people, plants, animals, and, in fact, all of God's creatures, need to connect with one another to maintain their life cycles. They are constrained inside their predetermined realm and have several methods to interact with one another. Technology becomes more engaged in communication over time, and human productivity rises as a result, such as when signals are converted into understandable communications. Since people desire to be involved in whatever they do, Radio Frequency (RF), a form of electromagnetic wave technology, has been developed for communication. RF-based communication technology makes life easier for people, but the exponential growth in demand for the technology has led to high levels of engagement with communication devices—something that is undoubtedly harmful to people and other living things. The participation and prolonged use of RF devices expose people to more live things that have an impact on their health and the environment. In this study, we will assess the direct and indirect effects of heavy electromagnetic pollution on the ecosystem and the health of living things. The Pakistan region has been chosen since it is among the world's most densely inhabited regions in terms of sample size. When Metaverse is made available to everyone, especially in Pakistan, the metaverse starts generating electromagnetic radiation, which will have a significant influence on electromagnetic pollution, although no research has been able to demonstrate the relationship in comparison to the metaverse.

This is a review paper on the idea of cloud computing which is evolved from the era of internetworking. Subsequently the highlight includes classification of cloud computing, comparison of public versus private cloud infrastructure. We further the concept of SaaS and PaaS where we set in note for future work. We finally conclude with some of the salient characteristics of networks on the cloud.