A field trial was conducted at Latif Farm, Tandojam Pakistan to study the impact of the irrigation stress on growth and yield traits of promising wheat varieties in Rabi 2016. The experiment was laid out in three replicated Split Plot Design. Three wheat varieties (TD-1, SKD-1 and Imdad-2005) were tested against four irrigation level treatments (five recommended irrigations: 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125 DAS-days after sowing, one irrigation: 25 DAS, two irrigations: 25 and 50 DAS, and three irrigations: 25, 75 and 100 DAS). The results indicated that all growth and yield traits of tested wheat varieties were significantly affected (P<0.05) by the irrigation levels. In terms of yield performance, recommended irrigation proved the best in terms of economic crop which resulted in 398.0 tillers m-2 , 76.2 cm plant height, 54.2 gm seed index (1000-grain weight) and 6368 kg ha-1 grain yield. The crop applied with three and two irrigations ranked 2 nd and 3 rd in grain yield (5429 and 5301 kg ha-1) respectively. In case of varieties, Imdad-2005 was ranked 1 st with 390.5 tillers m-2 , 83.2 cm plant height, 52.4 gm seed index and 5557 kg ha-1 grain yield, followed by SKD-1 and TD-1 in grain yield (5209 and 4577 kg ha-1), respectively. The interaction of variety Imdad-2005 X recommended irrigations produced maximum (6593 kg ha-1) grain yield. Hence, it is concluded from the results that recommended irrigation proved adequate for achieving desired performance in wheat where all the varieties produced higher grain yield as compared to other levels of irrigation.

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M arigold (Tageteserecta L.) is herbaceous annual plant belongs to the family Asteraceae (Kumar et al., 2016). Marigold is used both for ornamental and medicinal purposes. It is also used in cosmetic and perfume industry due to its aromatic nature and essential oil contents (Regaswamy and Koilpillai, 2014). Marigold is a major seasonal flowering plant grown in the public parks, gardens, and roadside Abstract | Salt stress is major concerns to agriculture globally. Salt stress interferes enzymatic activities and several physiological processes that lead to reduction in crop yield and quality. The current investigation was performed at Horticulture Garden where two marigold cultivars (V 1 = African orange and V 2 = Dwarf double mix) were subjected to salinity stress condition (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 dS m -1 ). The results exhibited that salt stress revealed adverse effect on all the parameters of both of the varieties of marigold. The plants irrigated with canal water (control) having EC of 0.7 dSm -1 showed better results for both seed and flowering related traits. The plants treated with canal water showed better seed germination (82.56 %), seed germination index (2.04), plant height (21.31 cm), branches/plant (45.61), leaves/plant (201.67), flowers/plant (8.56), diameter of flower (7.95 cm), fresh root biomass (0.821 g) and dry root biomass (2.28 mg). The plants treated with 2 dSm -1 showed seed germination (65.35 %), seed germination index (1.53), plant height (16.61cm), branches/plant (40.38), leaves/plant (195.33), flowers/plant (6.83), diameter of flower (6.75 cm), fresh root biomass (0.718 g) and dry root biomass (2.04 mg). It was further noted that as the salt stress increases the plant performance for all investigated traits decreased significantly. The varieties showed highly different responses for both seed and flowering related attributes. The variety dwarf double mix had a better seed germination and flowering growth and production in comparison with African orange. The double mix showed better seed germination (64.64 %), seed germination index (1.53), plant height (14.94 cm), branches/plant (36.71), leaves/plant (190.73), flowers/ plant (5.64), diameter of flower (6.32 cm), fresh root biomass (0.660 g) and dry root biomass (2.12 mg). It is concluded that salt stress up to 0.7 dSm -1 did not reveal any adverse effects on germination and flowering response of marigold. The salinity at 2, 6 and 8 dSm -1 caused simultaneous adverse effects on all the studied parameters.

Drought is a significant issue because of the worldwide effects of climate change and the negative effects it has on wheat output. For improving production in water-scarce locations, screening drought-tolerant wheat cultivars is crucial. At the Plant Physiology Division of NIA, Tando Jam, the current experiment was conducted during the Rabi year of 2021. At both the P0.01 and P0.05 probability levels, the growth measurements at the seedling stage revealed extremely significant variations for all characteristics among genotypes, treatments, and interactions. The results demonstrated a stronger osmotic impact when using -0.5 MPa PEG. At the seedling stage, the genotype SDW-3 had higher decreases in a number of growth indices, such as shoot length (-11.3), root length (-72.6), and shoot fresh weight (-4.4), with an increase in PEG (-0.5 MPa) level. According to the results of the current study, all six wheat genotypes' seed incubation shoot, root length, and shoot fresh weight drastically decreased under laboratory conditions due to osmotic stress. The genotype SDW-3 showed the greatest decrease under increased osmotic stress brought on by PEG-6000 (-5.0 MPa). As a result, the genotypes AST-1(V1), SDW-1, and SDW-2 may be employed in future breeding programmes and are drought resistant.

In order to study the effect of FYM and NPK on growth, yield and oil production of mustard, Five treatments were formed including control T1= Natural (Farmer practice), T2= Recommended NPK 120-80-40 kg ha-1 , T3= FYM 1 t ha-1 + NPK 120-80-40 kg ha-1 , T4= FYM 3 t ha-1 + NPK 120-80-40 kg ha-1 , T5= FYM 5 t ha-1 + NPK 120-80-40 kg ha-1 and T6= FYM 7 t ha-1 + NPK 120-80-40 kg ha-1 results showed that significantly (P<0.05) of seed yield and mustard of oil content influenced through the FYM & NPK levels. Results further showed that the mustard crop given recommended NPK 120-80-40 kg ha-1 in crop performance with 134.33 cm plant height, 188.37 no of pods plant-1 , 11.31 no of seeds pod-1 , 3.42g in seed index, 1510.21 kg seed production ha-1 and 31.10% oil content. However the minimum lowest crop performance was observed in control, where no fertilizer ware applied, having 128.33 cm plant height, 145.41 number of pods plant-1 , 8.12 number of seeds pods-1 , 3.00g seed index, 1325.14kg seed yield production ha-1 and 26.35% content oil. It is concluded that mustard yield increase with NPK combined with FYM 120-80-40 + 7 ton FYM but 5 ton FYM combined with NPK120-80-40 was economic dose for mustard production. The oil production also increase at combined application of FYM and NPK fertilizers.