Background Durian of Indonesia, specifically Durio zibethinus, is a potential agricultural commodity for domestic and international markets. However, its quality is still less competitive or significantly lower to fulfill the export market, compared to a similar one from other countries. This study aimed to determine and analyze the genetic diversity and relationship of the exotic durian (Durio spp.) germplasm originally from Kalimantan, Indonesia, using the rbcL marker. Results Based on this marker, the durian germplasm has a low genetic diversity (π%=0.24). It may strongly correspond with the variability sites or mutation present in the region. In this case, the rbcL region of the durian germplasm has generated 23 variable sites with a transition/transversion (Ti/Tv) bias value of 1.00. However, following the phylogenetic and principal component analyses, this germplasm is separated into four main clades and six groups, respectively. In this case, D. zibethinus was very closely related to D. exleyanus. Meanwhile, D. lowianus and D. excelsus were the farthest. In further analysis, 29 durians were very closely related, and the farthest was shown by Durian Burung (D. acutifolius) and Kalih Haliyang (D. kutejensis) as well as Pampaken Burung Kecil (D. kutejensis) and Durian Burung (D. acutifolius) with a divergence coefficient of 0.011. The Pearson correlation analysis confirms that 20 pairs of individual durians have a strong relation, shown by, e.g., Maharawin Hamak and Durian Burung as well as Mantuala Batu Hayam and Durian Burung Besar. Conclusion While the durian has a low genetic diversity, the phylogenetic analyses revealed that this germplasm originally from Kalimantan, Indonesia, shows unique relationships. These findings may provide a beneficial task in supporting the durian genetic conservation and breeding practices in the future, locally and globally.

Keanekaragaman dan Kekerabatan Genetik Artocarpus Berdasarkan  Penanda  DNA Kloroplas matK & rbcL: Kajian in Silico. Floribunda 6(5): 195–206.  — Artocarpus merupakan genus dari famili Moraceae yang memiliki keanekaragaman spesies tinggi. Namun akibat degradasi dan konversi habitat secara berlebihan, keberadaannya mulai terancam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keanekaragaman dan kekerabatan genetik Artocarpus secara in silico menggunakan penanda DNA kloroplas (matK dan rbcL). Sebanyak 2 set sekuen matK dan rbcL dari 48 spesies Artocarpus telah dianalisis menggunakan beberapa software, yaitu BLAST, Clustal Omega dan MEGA-X, serta direkonstruksi secara filogenetik menggunakan metode Maximum Likelihood. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Artocarpus menunjukkan keanekaragaman genetik relatif tinggi pada tingkat nukleotida, terutama berdasarkan sekuen rbcL (0.56). Sementara itu, hasil analisis kekerabatan genetik menggunakan metode Maximum Likelihood, diperoleh gambaran bahwa Artocarpus secara umum terpisah menjadi dua (2) grup atau clade utama, baik berdasarkan sekuen matK, rbcL dan gabungan keduanya. Informasi ini diharapkan dapat dimanfaatkan untuk mendukung program pemuliaan dan pelestarian Artocarpus, terutama di Indonesia.

Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is an agricultural commodity that is very prospective to be developed in Indonesia and other tropical countries, but its development is constrained by various factors. This study aimed to determine the genetic identity, as well as diversity and relationships of native coconut germplasm from South Kalimantan, Indonesia, using a cpDNA (matK) marker. The results show that this germplasm has a low-level genetic diversity, π% = 0.0258. However, the phylogenetic analysis revealed that native coconut germplasms from this region have separated into different clades, two for Maximum Likelihood and three for Neighbor-Joining, where Genjah Kuning 3 has closely related to an outgroup. Thus, this information is important as a fundamental reference in developing new high-yielding coconut in the future

Durian (Durio spp.) is a germplasm with a relatively high species diversity, with an estimated 27 species worldwide. However, the existence of several species has been threatened. This study aimed to reconstruct the DNA barcode of the durian and its relatives (Durio spp.) and analyze the genetic diversity and its relationship based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Sixteen sequences of durians ITS were collected from GenBank (NCBI) and analyzed in silico using the BLAST, MultAlin, and MEGA-X software, then reconstructed phylogenetically by the UPGMA and Maximum Likelihood methods. The results show that the ITS region of Durio spp. has a base length of about 702 bp, where several mutations occur, substitution (transversion and transition) and indel (insertion and deletion). At the nucleotide level, this germplasm shows a relatively high diversity of 0.065. The cluster analyses (UPGMA and Maximum Likelihood) can separate this germplasm into four clusters and five main clades, respectively. In this study, D. zibethinus, the most popular species in the Durio genus, is closely related to D. lowianus and far from D. griffithii. This information is beneficial as reference data to support durian conservation and breeding programs, locally and globally, especially in Indonesia.