Natural spirituality is the harmony of the human soul with nature in order to maintain and preserve the universe. It needs to be nurtured and strengthened in humans so as not to exalt destructive nature so that there is a need for nature-based education through literary forms in every child's growth process. The focus of this study is to describe the picture of natural spirituality and informal education through natural spirituality, which is constructed in the novel "Mata dan Rahasia Pulau Gapi" by Okky Madasari. The study uses a qualitative approach, text study methods, and literary ecology studies. Data collection uses reading and note-taking techniques. The data are in the form of narration, dialogue, or monologue. The results of this study: (a) the description of natural spirituality in the form of the nature of the centre of life, the realm of the reminder of death, the realm of spiritual reality, the nature of the source of life depicted in the characters of the novel; (b) the novel contains informal education through natural spirituality that fosters love, trust, and respect for the universe. It is a form of strengthening to eliminate the destructive nature that has damaged many universes.

Petra is one of the ritual dolls used by the Tenggerese people. Petra is generally used in funeral ceremonies as a symbol of ancestral spirits or people who have died, so petra is a doll that is respected by the local community. This study focuses on examining the plant lexicon that composes Petra dolls. This research was conducted to increase the understanding of the local community about the dolls commonly used in rituals as a symbol of the ancestors and to examine the possibility of inter-language contact. This research was conducted in Tengger Village using a qualitative descriptive approach with observation and interview data collection methods. Sources of data were obtained from traditional healers and Pak Sepuh. Data analysis used lexical semantic analysis. The results of this study show the lexicon of the plants that make up the petra doll; the meaning indicated; and petra as a marker of ancestral identity. Petra is made from selected plants that grow in the Tengger region and become a medium for ancestral spirits in funeral ceremonies. Therefore, Petra is a form of respect for the local community towards their ancestors until now. Keywords: Petra Doll, Lexicon, Tengger, Antropolinguistic, Lexicon Semantics

Product differentiation is learning based on multiple approaches to assignments given to students. It gives students the freedom to develop the understanding and competencies they are interested in. The existence of different learning tools in the Merdeka curriculum is the goal of achieving understanding and developing competence. This study focuses on describing the concept of differentiation learning to accommodate differences in student learning styles and describes product differentiation innovations on ‘alih wahana’ learning of observation report text. This study used a qualitative approach and a literature review design. The data are in quotations, theories, and paradigms describing the studied problems. Data was collected using reading and note-taking techniques and processed using analytical techniques in the form of (a) data presentation; (b) data reduction; (c) data interpretation; and (d) conclusion. The results of this study are, first, learning differentiation as a learning strategy. This strategy targets a variety of student learning styles through content, processes, and products according to characteristics to achieve goals. Second, product differentiation can be designed using the ‘alih wahana’ method in observation reports text material in the form of informative video media, infographics, and scrapbooks.