Purpose: Cotton is the backbone of Pakistan economy, as country is the 4th largest producer of cotton in the world. Despite this importance there is steep decline in cotton production over time due to climate change. The need to evaluate the potential of adaptation in improving cotton yield has necessitated this study. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study is based on the farm household survey of four cotton producing districts, two from each Punjab and Sindh that were purposively selected from heat stress regions of Pakistan. Data were analyzed through multinomial endogenous switching regression model and treatment effect framework. Findings: Farm management practices were evaluated for their significance in reducing adverse impacts of climatic extremes on cotton yield. Adaptation in the combination of first three strategies observed to be the most successful strategies in increasing yield. Implications/Originality/Value: For effective adaptation access to credit and extension, education, farming experience, and sources of information revealed to be important predictors

Purpose:In recent times, women’s status has been upgraded through an increase in socio-economic factors, which had implications in determining their bargaining power. The bargaining process produces household decisions which usually consist of unequal bargaining power. This study investigating the socio-economic factors through which female education and income change their bargaining power at the household. Design/Methodology/Approach:For this purpose, a primary survey through a questionnaire has administered in different areas of Punjab, Pakistan. We have collected the data 200 working married women OLS ordinary least square model has been applied to estimate our results. Findings:The result of the study shows that the socio-economic factors has significant and positive role in determining the women bargaining power within and outside the household. Higher income and education not only enhance their bargaining power in decision-making within and outside the household but also increase the status of women in society. Implications/Originality/Value:Oursociety needs to change their prospective towards women by removing these obstacles and giving them freedom of voice and choice, so they can lead their life according to their will. Changing such social norms through education will create better position for women in the household as well in society.

Inclusive growth is a type of economic growth which is sustained over decades and provides benefits to the entire society. The main objective of the paper is to examine the relationship between economic and inclusive growth. For this purpose, inclusive growth index is constructed by four variables inequality, poverty, employment rate, and enrolment rate. To explore the relationship between economic growth with inclusive growth in Pakistan, time series data from 1971 to 2014 is used. Stationarity of the data is checked through augmented Dickey-Fuller test and on the basis of the different order of integration. Autoregressive distributed lag model is employed. The results of the study show that the growth in Pakistan is not fully inclusive. There is a half-portion of the growth share in the society. Other control variables such as investment have a positive impact, whereas inflation has a negative impact on inclusive growth.

Purpose:Cotton is the backbone of Pakistan economy, as country is the 4th largest producer of cotton in the world. Despite this importance there is steep decline in cotton production over time due to climate change. The need to evaluate the potential of adaptation in improving cotton yield has necessitated this study. Design/Methodology/Approach:This study is based on the farm household survey of four cotton producing districts, two from each Punjab and Sindh that were purposively selected from heat stress regions of Pakistan. Data were analyzed through multinomial endogenous switching regression model and treatment effect framework. Findings:Farm management practices were evaluated for their significance in reducing adverse impacts of climatic extremes on cotton yield. Adaptation in the combination of first three strategies observed to be the most successful strategies in increasing yield. Implications/Originality/Value:For effective adaptation access to credit and extension, education, farming experience, and sources of information revealed to be important predictors

Purpose: This article, analyze causal relation of conflicts, political distance and Pakistan's import flows. The severity of interstate military conflicts is higher between Pakistan and India. While the animosity and chauvinism between Pakistan and India increase the intensity of both armed and verbal conflicts. Comparing interstate-armed conflicts and interstate military verbal conflicts, the former has more severity than later. Methodology: The Gravity model is used to analyze the relationship between conflicts, political distance and Pakistan's import volume. The panel data consist on 171 countries and 1980 to 2013time period.   Findings: Conflict between Pakistan and India, the interstate-armed conflicts are less impactful than interstate military verbal conflicts on import volume. The other important finding is the changing role of political distance. Political distance significantly reduces Pakistan's import volume when we regress interstate military conflicts and political distance between Pakistan and its importing partners. Interstate military conflicts between Pakistan and India and political distance between Pakistan and its importing partners show less intensity to reduce Pakistan's imports. Implications: Pakistan replaced the United States of America with China as major partners that share a significant proportion of its import market due to close political preferences. At the same time, there was no significant trade between Pakistan and India because both countries indulge in military conflicts.