Background: Tobacco smoking is a major health issue worldwide. In addition to several health problems, smoking can also cause buccal cavity ulcers and buccal cavity cancer in case of chronic smoking. Tobacco smoking may also lead to deranged morphology of red blood cells (RBCs), which results in reduced oxygen carrying capacity of the blood.

Putrefaction and decay of preserved cadaver and body parts is one of the major issues that the faculties of medicines in various third world countries are facing. In this study we focus on the meaning of body preservation, causes of putrefaction and we highlight our personal experiences at the Faculty of Medicine in Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University in KSA, in preserving the body cadavers. We studied different physical and chemical methods of preservation of cadavers and body parts at the faculty and their efficiency in preventing bacteria and fungi that cause putrefaction and decay.

Introduction: Pleural tuberculosis is a pleural infection of tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis which commonly manifests as hydropneumothorax. Initial treatment with anti-tuberculosis drugs is aimed to prevent progression of the disease and relieve patient’s symptoms. Indication of adhesiolysis and decortication is to remove layer of fibrous tissue and allow the lung to reexpand. Case: A 60 year old woman with shortness of breath, cough, and right-sided chest pain. She had a history of treatment with first-line anti-tubercular drugs for a year stop in September 2016. She was identified with recurrent right-sided hydropneumothorax by chest imaging and thorax CT-scan. Adhesiolysis and decortication were performed on her. Two months later she was diagnosed again with recurrent right-sided hydropneumothorax. VATS (Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery) revealed fistula involving inferior lobe of the lung. Then, she was treated with second-line anti tuberculosis drugs. After four times reccurent hydropneumothorax, patient showed significant improvement in clinical condition, radiology finding, and lung function test after she finished the tuberculosis treatment. Discussion: Definitive diagnosis of pleural tuberculosis is by the finding of mycobacterium tuberculosis in pleural biopsy, or Mtb culture, and it was difficult to perform. In this case pleural fluid analysis revealed that cause of recurrent right-sided hydropneumothorax was tuberculosis infection. Summary: A 60 year old woman with four times reccurent right-sided hydropneumothorax, and the pleural fluid analysis suggested it was tuberculosis infection. Providing anti-tuberculosis medication based on clinically diagnosed tuberculosis based on flowchart of tuberculosis diagnosis from national tuberculosis programmed are essential to prevent progression of the disease.