ABSTRAKDaun ketapang (Terminalia catappa L.) adalah tanaman yang sering dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat sebagai tanaman obat tradisional. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak etanol daun ketapang warna hijau, warna merah, kombinasi daun warna hijau dan daun warna merah terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan yaitu P0 (aquadest sebagai kontrol negatif), P1 (ekstrak etanol daun hijau), P2 (ekstrak etanol daun merah), dan P3 (kombinasi ekstrak etanol daun ketapang berwarna hijau dan merah) dan masing-masing 3 kali ulangan. Uji mikrobiologi menggunakan metode difusi. Berdasarkan hasil uji Anova menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun ketapang sangat berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus (P=0,000).Berdasarkan hasil uji lanjut Duncan rata-rata diameter zona hambat yang terbentuk menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi ekstrak daun ketapang warna hijau dan warna merah memiliki zona hambat yang lebih besar (30,92 mm) dan berbeda nyata dengan ekstrak daun ketapang berwarna hijau (21,92 mm), akan tetapi tidak berbeda nyata dengan ekstrak daun ketapang warna merah (26,42 mm).Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak daun ketapang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus.Kata kunci: Terminalia catappa L., diameter zona hambat, Staphylococcus aureus Ketapang leaf (Terminalia catappa L.) is a plant that is often used by the community as a traditional medicinal plant. This research was conducted to determine the effect of ethanol extract of green ketapang leaves, red color, combination of green leaf and red leaf color to Staphylococcus aureus bacteria growth. This research was experimental by using Completely Randomized Design (RAL) with 4 treatments which is  P0 (aquadest as negative control), P1 (green leaf ethanol extract), P2 (red leaf ethanol extract), and P3 (combination of green leaf ketapang ethanol extract and red) and each of them repeated 3 times. Microbiology test using diffusion method. Based on the results of Anova test showed that ketapang leaf extract greatly affect the growth of Staphylococcus aureus (P=0.000). Based on the results of further test Duncan average diameter of the inhibition zone that was formed showed that the combination of green leaf and red colored leaf extract has a larger inhibition zone (30.92 mm) and significantly different with green leaf ketapang leaf extract (21.92 mm), but not significantly different with the extract of red leaf ketapang (26.42 mm). From the results of this study can be concluded that ketapang leaf extract can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus.Keywords: Terminalia catappa L., inhibition zone diameter, Staphylococcus aureus

As one of the agricultural countries, Indonesia's population is highly dependent on farming for a living. Thus, this study is written to analyze the relationship between farmers' exports, imports, and the exchange rate of farmers on the value-added of the agricultural sector in Aceh Province, Indonesia. This study uses secondary data from the Central Bureau of Statistics of Aceh Province. This study uses quarterly time series data from 2007 to 2021, as many as 60 data series. By using the multiple linear regression model with Ordinary Least Square (OLS), the results show a positive and significant relationship between the increase in the export value and the farmer's exchange rate towards the increase in the value-added of the agricultural sector in Aceh Province. Meanwhile, the imported variable does not show a significant relationship to the value-added agricultural sector in Aceh Province in this study. Taken together, the variables of exports, imports, and farmers' exchange rates significantly affect the agricultural sector's added value in the selected models.

Catharanthus roseus, or Vinca rosea belongs to the family Apocynaceae, the other common names are periwinkle, madagascar periwinkle, sadabahar. The plant is easily growing and commonly available in the sub-continent. Catharanthus roseus has a variety of medicinal properties, such as antibacterial [1], antifungal [2] and antiviral [3]. The alkaloids from C. roseus are famous for their anticancer activity [4][5]. Studies revealed its wound healing action in the rats [6]. It is also known to possess antidiabetic action via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors [7][8]. Antioxidant properties are also reported in the literature [9].Biological screening of the plant was carried out for the determination of antimicrobial activity both in vivo and in vitro. In the present study the well plate method was used to determine the antimicrobial activity of Catharanthus roseus, for this reason wells were made on petri plates filled with nutrient agar containing a culture of a particular bacterial species [10] Catharanthus roseus belongs to the family Apocynaceae, is an erector procumbent herb or undershrub containing latex. It possesses known antibacterial, antimicrobial, antifungal, antidiabetic, anticancer and antiviral activities. In the present study we carried out the screening of this plant for its antibacterial potential adopting the antibacterial assay. The different parts of C. roseus (leaf, stem, flower and root) were used and extracts were subjected to antibacterial assay. The extracts of C. roseus did not exhibit antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Moreover, leaf, stem and flower extracts were also ineffective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The leave extract did not exhibit activity against Corynebacterium diphtheriae, similarly, the crude extract of stem did not shown activity against Shigella boydii. The most effective was the root extract, which exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi and S. boydii with the zone of inhibitions measuring 24 mm and 22 mm, respectively. The flower extract also showed activity against C. diphtheriae.

ABSTRAKTanaman soka (Ixora coccineal L.) dapat berkhasiat mengobati disentri, diare, dan luka.Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak etanol bunga soka dalam menghambat pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 6 pengulangan yaitu akuades sebagai kontrol, ekstrak etanol bunga soka konsentrasi 100%, ekstrak etanol bunga soka konsentrasi 75% dan ekstrak etanol bunga soka konsentrasi 50%. Uji mikrobiologi menggunakan metode difusi Kirby-Baueur. Hasil uji fitokimia ekstrak etanol bunga soka mengandung senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, saponin dan triterpenoid. Hasil uji anova ekstrak etanol bunga soka sangat berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan S. aureus dan E. coli (p= 0,000). Hasil uji lanjut Duncan ratarata diameter zona hambat untuk ekstrak etanol bunga soka terhadap S. aureus dengan konsentrasi 100% (14,50 mm) berbeda nyata dengan konsentrasi 75% ( 10,33 mm) dan konsentrasi 50% (10,67 mm). Sementara rata-rata diameter zona hambat untuk ekstrak etanol bunga soka terhadap E. coli dengan konsentrasi 100% (11,00 mm) tidak berbeda nyata dengan konsentrasi 75% ( 7,83 mm) dan konsentrasi 50% (7,50 mm). Kemampuan zona hambat ekstrak etanol bunga soka terhadap S. aureus lebih besar dibandingkan E. coli. ABSTRACT Soka plants (Ixora coccineal L.) often used to treat diarrhea, dysentery and wounds. This study was conducted to determine the effect of soka flower ethanol extract in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. This study is experimentally using completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 6 repetitions which is distilled water as a control, the ethanol extract of soka flowers concentration are 100%, * Penulis untuk korespondensi: munira.ac@gmail.com 75%, and 50%. Microbiological test using the diffusion method of Kirby-Baueur. Phytochemical test results soka ethanol extracts of flowers contain alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and triterpenoid. ANOVA test results ethanol extracts of soka flowers greatly affects the growth of S. aureus and E. coli (P=0.000). Duncan test results an average diameter of inhibition zone for the ethanol extract of soka flowers against S. aureus at a concentration of 100% (14.50 mm) was significantly different from the concentration of 75% (10.33 mm) and concentration of 50% (10. 67 mm), while the average diameter of inhibition zone for the ethanol extract of soka flowers against E. coli at 100% (11.00 mm) was not significantly different from the 75% (7.83 mm) and 50% (7.50 mm). The ability of ethanol extract of soka flower in inhibition zone against S. aureus greater than E. coli

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