Human lungs are essential respiratory organs. Different Obstructive Lung Diseases (OLD) such as bronchitis, asthma, lungs cancer etc. affects the respiration. Diagnosing OLD in the initial stage is better than diagnosing and curing them later. The delay in diagnosing OLD is due to expensive diagnosing tool and experts requirement. Therefore, a non-invasive diagnosing tool for OLD is required that identifies dysfunctional lungs without the support of expert, complex and expensive diagnosing types of equipment. In this work, we design an Iris based Lungs Prediagnostic System (ILPS). The ILPS takes iris images as input and identifies dysfunctional Lungs based on iridology map. While testing with 50 lungs patients, the results confirm that the ILPS identifies dysfunctional lungs patients with an accuracy of 88%.

Aim: To assess the efficacy of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) among low birth weight neonates at a tertiary care hospital Study Design: A cross-sectional study Place and Duration. The Kangaroo mother care ward, CMC Children Hospital, Larkana from August 2019 to February 2020. Methodology: Total 345 low birth weight patients were included. Newborns were kept in KMC position. Axillary temperature was measured during KMC position. Stratification of study variables was done while post-stratification chi-square test or independent sample student t-test was employed to see the impact of effect modifiers on the outcome (efficacy) considering p-value ≤0.05 as significant. Results: Out of a total of 345 LBW neonates, there were 198 (57.4%) boys and 147 (42.6%) girls. The mean age of neonates was 12.01\(\pm\)7.68 days while majority 177 (51.3%) were aged less than or equal to 10 days. The mean body weight was 1997.22\(\pm\)243.48 grams. The mean gestational age was noted to be 35.35\(\pm\)1.37 weeks. There were 104 (30.1%) neonates who belonged to rural areas while 241 (69.9%) were from urban areas. The mean mother’s temperature was 37.58\(\pm\)0.98 C. The mean room temperature was 33.11\(\pm\)2.59 C. The mean initial temperature was 35.40\(\pm\)0.48 C. The efficacy of KMC was observed to be in 242 (70.1%) cases. Conclusion: The KMC was found to be effective and useful in caring LBW neonates.  Further advantages of KMC are low cost, promotion of exclusive breast-feeding and increased mother’s confidence in handling LBW babies.

Objective: To determine the frequency of various clinical presentations of myocarditis in children visiting to Dr Ruth KM PFAU, Civil Hospital Karachi. Study design: Cross-Sectional Study. Place and duration: Department of Pediatric Medicine, Dr Ruth K.M PFAU Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan from September, 2020, to March, 2021 Methodology: The study covered all patients who visited Karachi's Civil Hospital and met the inclusion criteria. After describing the study's process, hazards, and benefits, informed consent was obtained. The initial ECG, echocardiography, and cardiac enzyme readings were all documented. Stroke, congenital heart disease, sepsis, asthma, pulmonary embolism, cardiomyopathy, gastroenteritis, diabetes mellitus, and renal failure were among the clinical presentations that were noted. The proforma that is supplied at the end was filled out with all the acquired data and used electronically for research. Results: Age was 6.8± 2.1 years on average. A total of 238 (67.6%) of the 352 patients were male, and 114 (32.4%) were female. In patients with myocarditis who presented clinically, renal disease was found in 46 (13.1%), cardiomyopathy in 30, congenital heart disease in 56 (15.9%), stroke in 41 (11.5%), gastroenteritis in 65 (18.5%), diabetes mellitus in 19 (5.4%), sepsis in 32 (9.2%), and asthma in 48 (13.6%) patients, while pulmonary embolism was found in 15 (4.3%) patients. Practical implication There is growing evidence to support the use of tests such as cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and serum N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide measurements as supplements to clinical diagnosis. These could eventually lessen the need for invasive procedures like endomyocardial biopsy, which is still the gold standard. Conclusion: The most frequent clinical manifestation of myocarditis was gastroenteritis, which was followed by congenital heart disease and asthma. For the purpose of validating the results so far, additional extensive research is advised. Keywords: Clinical Presentation, Myocarditis, Epidemiology, Asthma, Gastroenteritis

Loss of vertical space due to supraeruption of teeth in opposing arch can make it difficult to replace missing teeth with implants, removable or fixed partial dentures. Objective: In the current study, we sought to evaluate and quantify the quantity of supraeruption of teeth in different segments of arch during prosthodontics rehabilitation with different prostheses. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 140 subjects with unopposed teeth from prosthodontics department. Data were collected by pre-structured proforma. Amount of supraeruption were recorded in millimeters on dental casts after obtaining impressions. Teeth involved in supraeruption like molars and others on right/ left side in either maxillary / mandibular arch, were noted from study casts and were assessed. Data were analyzed using (SPSS version 20). Results: For the study, 140 individuals in total were selected (54 males and 86 females). This study observed dental caries as the main cause of tooth loss. Mean age of patients were 43 years. Mean super-eruption values for subjects were 2.22mm with standard deviation of 0.66mm. More number of supraerupted teeth were found in unopposed maxillary arch than the mandibular. Highest frequency of super-eruption was found in molars areas and on right side of the arch. Conclusions: It was concluded that unopposed teeth lead to over-eruption of antagonists. Differences were recorded between sites, type and status of supra-eruption. Current study observed that highest ratio of super-eruption recorded in maxillary arch, in molar region and on the right side of arch.

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