ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence, nature of trauma, reason(s) behind these trauma and first-aid care provided during transportation to hospital in Karachi Pakistan. Study also presents the framework of a national trauma registry and comparatively analyzes data between other registries.MethodThis cross sectional observational/descriptive study was conducted from July 2015 to Dec 2015. An informed verbal consent was taken and preformed questionnaire was filled. Patient brought dead and who did not give consent were excluded.ResultsThe study conducted on 1500 patients includes 1030 males (68.7%) and 470 females (31.3%). Mean age was 45 SD 28.69 Maximum injuries occurred in age group of 11–20 year. By occupation most were found to be students and children 350 (23.3%). Most traumas occurred on road 919 (61.3%) and other occurred in home 349 (22.7%). Road traffic accidents are found to be major cause of injuries 730 (48.7%) and rest was due to other causes 630 (42.0%).The vehicle involved in majority of cases was motorcycle 340 (22.7%). In most of the cases emergency medical service 72148.0% was used for the transportation of the patients. During transportation (100%) of victims were not provided with first aid, breathing care/bleeding care/iv fluids and splints/slabs. Severity at emergency room of patients was mainly moderate (52.7%) while severe condition was suffered by (32.0%) of patients and mild (14.7%).ConclusionThis study concluded that the transport accidents are the major health problems especially in young population. For better transportation of patients it is needed to upgrade facilities of ambulances and other emergency medical services. Emergency medical care facilities establishment at district level, sub-divisional level are needed to provide good and quality care to trauma patients. Improvement in trauma care depends on the establishment of functioning trauma care systems, of which a trauma registry is a crucial component.

Material and methodsStudy design: This was prospective analysis study using the observation technique as described by the American Society of Health system pharmacists. Study setting:The study was conducted in pediatric medicine ward of Bolan Medical Complex Hospital, a tertiary care hospital, Quetta, Pakistan.

Hydatid disease is helminthic infection caused by tape worm echinococcus granulosis. It commonly involves liver (65-75%) and the lungs (25 to 30%). Involvement of bones and skeletal muscle is very rare, i.e. 3 to 5%. This is the report of a 21-year girl, city resident, presented with mass involving left proximal thigh. The mass was painless and had gradually increased in size over three years. MRI revealed solid cum cystic lesion in vastus medialis muscle. Tru-Cut needle biopsy of the lesion revealed necrotic material. Intraoperative findings were of different sized cystic lesions, typical of hydatid cyst. The cysts were removed intact. No recurrence was seen in 11-month follow-up. Hydatid cyst involving skeletal muscle is very rare entity, but should be considered while making differential diagnosis of soft tissue mass.

Malnutrition is a clinical disorder caused by insufficiency of dietary nutrients and characterised clinically by a broad range of presentations, predominantly affecting infants and young children. 1 Worldwide, malnutrition is a crucial health problem chiefly in the underdeveloped and developing countries. According to estimates, the affected population mostly belongs to developing countries which is divided across Asia (70%), Africa (26%) and (4%) in Latin America and Caribbean. 1 The proportion of children with malnutrition is highest in Asian countries, estimated as 70% of undernutritioned children belonging to this portion of the globe. Around half of preschool children in South Asia have restricted growth and low body weight. 2 Malnutrition of children, increasing infantile death rates and illiteracy are the most serious endemic issues in several developing countries, including Pakistan. Nutritional deficiencies in children in Pakistan have been reported in several studies. One of these studies report low weight in 33.03% of children under 5 years, inhibited growth in 53.38% and muscular wasting in 11.52%. 3Malnutrition in children is accounted as the main risk factor for diseases and mortality, causing mortality of more than half of children worldwide. 4 Furthermore, it increases morbidity of children