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This paper investigates the problem of the high precision tracking control of piezoelectric actuators (PEAs) without using the inverse of the uncertain hysteresis. Based on fuzzy system approximator and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, a proposed enhanced  adaptive controller is developed. The proposed controller provides fast and robust adaptation simultaneously with guaranteed desired transient performance. Moreover, it has a simple form and requires fewer adaptation parameters. The adaptation gain is determined via PSO algorithm. The proposed controller is tested on a lab-scale PEA system.Experimental results with comparative studies with different techniques have been developed. The simulation results reveal that the proposed controller outperforms the other controllers in terms of normalized root-mean-square and maximum tracking errors for different frequencies.