Skin diseases are among the most common health problems worldwide and are associated with a considerable burden. The burden of skin disease is a multidimensional concept that encompasses psychological, social and financial consequences of the skin disease on the patients, their families and on society. Chronic and incurable skin diseases, such as psoriasis and eczema, are associated with significant morbidity in the form of physical discomfort and impairment of patients' quality of life; whereas malignant diseases, such as malignant melanoma, carry substantial mortality. With the availability of a wide range of health status and quality-of-life measures, the effects of most skin diseases on patients' lives can be measured efficiently. The aim of this review is to present some of the published data in order to highlight the magnitude of the burden associated with some common skin diseases and also to suggest ways to quantify this burden of skin disease.

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Summary. --Dielectric measurements on NaeB407(99.5%)-VeOs(0.5%) glass system, in the frequency range 10-8 to 104 Hz and temperature range 300 to 500 K, have been carried out. The normalized plots of complex capacitance have shown a single mechanism responsible for conduction for both volume and surface measurements with their close values of activation energies (0.67 + 0.03) eV and (0.64 _+ 0.03)eV, respectively. The low-frequency dispersion (LFD) behaviour has been observed to be perturbed by the presence of more than one competing process. The impedance plots have shown a parallel combination of a capacitor (C) and a resistor (R), with some contribution of a dispersive element due to charge accumulation in the vicinity of the electrodes. The values of R and C were found to be of the same order of magnitude, for both surface and volume measurements. The observed R has shown a decrease with an increase in temperature due to an increase in mobility of Na § ions, whereas C remains practically constant. The complex capacitance surface behaviour is dominated by volume, due to hygroscopy of this glass system. PACS 72.80 -Conductivity of specific semiconductors and insulators. PACS 77.40 -Dielectric loss and relaxation.

OBJECTIVES To determine the awareness level of good body posture in school going students and teachers of different academic places and compare the level of awareness between students and teachers. STUDY DESIGN A cross sectional study was conducted during January 2013 to April 2013. STUDY SETTINGS & PARTICIPANTS Research data was collected from different schools of Karachi. One hundred and thirty two participants including both school going students and teachers were participated in this study. The students belonged to 9-16 year age group. DATA COLLECTION TOOL Data was collected through close ended self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS Chi square test was applied to check the association between occupation and lecture attending question. Chi-square test results (p value = 0.000) showed that, there was a significant association between the occupation and attended lectures regarding postural awareness. Results also revealed that teachers and students were equally aware of standing and lying position, whereas for sitting position teachers were more aware than the students. CONCLUSION Study showed significant association of awareness between students and teachers. However, more education and further awareness regarding good body posture is needed to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) and to prevent prevalence of body pain due to poor posture.

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