Objective: This study aimed to compare the reticulated platelet count between patients having thrombocytopenia secondary to autoimmune destruction (immune thrombocytopenia {ITP}), bone marrow failure, and healthy controls who presented to a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan.

Aim and objective This study aimed to examine the relationship between serum ferritin levels and the degree of hepatic fibrosis as detected on Fibroscan in thalassemia patients. Materials and methods This was a single-center and cross-sectional study conducted from April 2021 to December 2022. The sample population comprised 55 beta-thalassemia patients receiving treatment at the National Institute of Blood Diseases and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan. The data was compiled through a series of patient interviews, an examination of medical records and was analyzed to obtain the results. Descriptive statistics were used for several variables, including diagnosis, Fibroscan score, blood group, comorbidity, visceromegaly, consanguinity, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), viral markers, and C reactive protein (CRP). The correlation analysis was done using Spearman’s correlation test. Results There were 55 participants in the study, 40 of whom were male and 15 of whom were female. The mean age of the patients was eight years, while the average age at diagnosis was nine months with a transfusion frequency of every 20 days. Spearman's rho (r = 0.287), and the significant value of (p = 0.033) confirmed a statistically significant positive correlation between serum ferritin levels and hepatic fibrosis. On Fibroscan, 74.5% of patients had F0-F1 stage fibrosis followed by 14.5% of the patients having F2 stage fibrosis. HCV seropositivity was the most prevalent comorbidity among the patients. 80% of patients had serum ferritin levels greater than 1000 ug/mL. Hepatosplenomegaly was present in 43.6% of the patients. 78.2% of patients were born out of consanguineous marriages. Conclusion In conclusion, this study found a statistically significant positive correlation between serum ferritin levels and hepatic fibrosis in beta-thalassemia patients. The study emphasizes the significance of monitoring serum ferritin levels in thalassemia patients to prevent hepatic fibrosis.

___________________________________________________________________________ nter and intra-network connectivity have become a useful resource for accessibility and flexibility of data for different organizations. Online services are increasing day by day, everything is available online, it generates a huge amount of data, that require cyber security for ensuring secure interconnectivity between devices. Because of an exponential increase in internet users and cyber-attacks, the data security and credibility of various organizations is on stake. In the continued development of the threat environment, cyber security experts deal with numerous threats on daily basis. As multiple attacks on computer networks and systems are becoming stronger each day therefore current security tools are often inadequate to resolve issues relating to unauthorized users, reliability, and reliable network security. To maintain a safe environment, Intrusion-Detection Mechanisms (IDS) enabled to control device functions and detect intrusions should typically be used to supplement with other protection strategies; for which conventional security methods are inadequate. Actual users expect their requested information to be processed in real-time, while malicious traffic needs to be mitigated just as quickly as possible. As traffic increases, this problem becomes more complex. This paper contributes a detailed analysis of network packets to find anomaly detection based on the UNSW NB 15 dataset and investigate the the difference between IP packet behavior for both malicious and legitimate packets. Besides we acquaint with new methodologies to illuminate and appraise the network attack in a very proficient way using different machine learning algorithms which will accomplish locating the malicious traffic in the least execution time with precision.

Introduction: Prophylactic clotting factor infusion regimens to prevent bleeding and joint deformity has become the standard of care in severe hemophilia A patients.Aim: To assess low-dose factor prophylaxis in our population as an alternative approach to managing severe hemophilia A.Methods: A prospective cohort study that included 68 hemophilia A patients divided into two groups, i.e., Prophylaxis and on-demand. The two groups were compared for annualized bleeding rate (ABR), hospitalization, units of factor VIII (FVIII) infused, or plasma products transfused, i.e., fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and cryoprecipitate (CP), and development of FVIII inhibitors.Results: Of the 68 patients recruited in this study, 25 (36.7%) were in the prophylaxis group, and 43(63.3%) were in the on-demand group. The on-demand group presented a higher median-IQR ABR [8(20-3) vs. 5(10-1.5), p-value 0.024], several hospitalizations (39.7% vs. 0, p-value 0.001), and inhibitor development (9.3% vs. 0, p-value 0.289) compared to the prophylaxis group. The prophylaxis approach demonstrated a significant negative correlation of ABR with FVIII prophylaxis (r=-0484, p=value=0.014). Moreover, no hospitalizations or inhibitor development was observed in the prophylaxis group. The estimated annual consumption of FVIII was 328 IU/kg/year in the on-demand group and 1662.6 IU/kg/year in the prophylaxis group. However, a highly significant difference in plasma product utilization was observed between the two groups, i.e., p-value <0.001 and 0.038 for FFP and CP, respectively. Conclusion: Low-dose factor prophylaxis resulted in improved outcomes compared to on-demand treatment in terms of ABR, joint bleeding, hospitalization, and the development of inhibitors. This treatment approach should be adopted as an economically feasible alternative to high-dose Prophylaxis in resource-constrained countries.