Nanotechnology is widely used for the manufacturing of photovoltaic (PV) solar cells. Applications of solar technology are based in two forms; lithium-ion and lead-acid. These cells and batteries have the capacity to store a large amount of energy longer than other ordinary batteries. The mechanism for manufacturing solar cells usually arises from the combinations of layers of single-molecule thick sheets of graphene and molybdenum diselenide. In this fact, one of common example is the fine coating of graphene with zinc oxide nanowires. Solar based cells are incorporated into the modified forms for increasing their synthetic applications. These modified forms are copper indium selenide sulfide quantum dots. Perovskite solar cells are dominating in the scientific community due to their advantages and cheap sources of solar energy. These perovskite solar cells are also composed of different metals and other combinations in order to make them functional for different purposes. The most widely implemented metals are germanium, antimony, titanium and barium. Tin (Sn)-based perovskites allow the movement of ions and electrons and significantly in the surrounding environment. There is also need in the future for valuable and mechanical designing for nanotechnolgy and their usage in industrial and commercial applications.

Several factors contributed to the elevated levels of water pollution in the earth surface increasing the risk of wastewater pollution. Inorganic metal irons and suspended liquid metals are also leads cause of water pollution. Physical treatments for water treatment include the use of effective membrane filters in two ways. Small membrane filter and large membrane filters also used for commercial applications. Different types of nanoparticles are used for the treatment of organic contaminants suspended in the wastewater. The adsorption of a reactive dye through the hydroxyapatite (HAP) leads the excellent filtration of ions in the wastewater. Different types of photocatalytic reactors are used for the treating the large amount of wastewater in effective ways. These included the titanium based photocatalytic reactors that employed the sub-micron TiO2 particles from the treated water which accompany the treatment process. Polymer composites are used for removal of wastewater due to their low operating temperat Nanofiltration also used for removal of wastewater due to the formation of utilizing of the semipermeable membrane allows the fine removal of the different ions and different types of pollutants ure and susceptibility to environmental degradation as compared to other operations.

To progress toward sustainable growth, future hydro-power development must pay a bit more attention towards how changing climate may impact hydropower output, as well as make massive action to limit the environmental costs borne by people who live near dams. Long term projections help in providing data for power network risk analysis as well as identifying wind power generation potential in particular places, delivering important data for electricity planners. Hydro-electric power system is an enhanced energy process because it effectively converts mechanical power into grid power, but both are high-energy methods. The utilization of wind turbines for renewable power source has turned out to be one of the greatest viable alternate wells-prings of electricity age because of the little recompense, for instance, being profitable and efficient and environment friendly. Many foundations, organizations, associations, and experts have demonstrated that wind turbines are presumed to comprehend the imperativeness order. In compared to conventional power plants, although wind-power plants have little impact on the environment, concern exists over the noise produced by the turbine blades and visual impacts to the landscape and turbine blade. While wind turbines are connected to the small scale or isolated network, the power product from another source should be varied in reply to these variant and change in sequence to retain system density and voltage with in pre-set limit.