This article aims to analyze the development of Islamic education in Indonesia and efforts to strengthen it in the national education system. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. The study of literature by focusing on terms of peeling, summarizing and collecting a literature, then the authors provide an analysis of the data that has been collected. The results showed that during the pre-independence era religious education was not only not recognized but also not included in the education system, it was even suspected of being a place to incite and fight the invaders. At the time of independence it did not yet have a role because the government still tended to be controlled by nationalist and secular groups, if there were Islamic groups, Islam was still more abangan. Thus the New Order government continuously fostered the quality of madrasa education so that in 1975 a joint decree (SKB) was issued by three ministers on Improving the Quality of Education in Madrasas, where the SKB of the three ministers had advantages and disadvantages. So that the solution of this weakness is the government is trying to make breakthroughs to restore the function of the madrasa as a place to print religious leaders, namely by opening an alternative Madrasah Aliyah named Madrasah Aliyah Special Program (MAPK). Henceforth, this MAPK was changed to Madrasah Aliyah Religious (MAK) which focuses and strengthens the field of Islamic education. There are two strengthening of Islamic education in the national education system, namely strengthening Islamic educational institutions, and strengthening religious subjects in all schools both under the auspices of the Ministry of Religion and other Ministries. Keywords: National Education System of Indonesia, Development of Islamic Education, Strengthening National Education System

Galing (Cayratia trifolia L.Domin) merupakan tumbuhan yang sering digunakan sebagai obat keputihan, kandungan dari tumbuhanini adalah asam hidrisinat, delphinidin, flavonoid, alkaloid, fitosterol, saponin dan tanin. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untukmengetahui aktivitas antijamur dari purifikasi ekstrak daun galing terhadap Candida albicans dan untuk mengetahui konsentrasiefektif ekstrak terpurifikasi daun galing sebagai antijamur C. albicans. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimental,dengan desain RAL (Rancangan Acak Lengkap). Ekstrak terpurifikasi daun galing dibuat dengan konsentrasi 10%, 20%, 30%,kemudian ini dilakukan pengujian antijamur dengan metode cylinder cup. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrakterpurifikasi daun galing memiliki aktivitas antijamur yakni konsentrasi 10% memiliki rata - rata zona hambat 9 mm, konsentrasi20% memiliki rata-rata zona hambat 11 mm, konsentrasi 30% memiliki rata-rata zona hambat 15,6 mm. Berdasarkam uji statistikANOVA, terlihat bahwa Fhitung (98,2) > Ftabel (3,48) yang berarti perlakuan yang diuji memberikan hasil yang signifikan terhadappertumbuhan jamur C. albicans. Untuk uji lanjut BNT menunjukkan hasil konsentrasi 30% memiliki aktivitas antijamur C. albicanspaling efektif.Kata kunci: antijamur, Candida albicans, daun galing, purifikasi, zona hambat

Diabetes mellitus is one of the chronic diseases with the highest mortality rate, based on the results of the International Diabetes Federation, Indonesia is the 4th largest country for the prevalence of 8,6% of the total population diabetes mellitus. One of the chemical contents of sappan wood is braziline which is a group of flavonoids that act as antioxidants. This study was conducted to determine the antihyperglycemic effect of the sappan wood to male mice of alloxan. In this study using 15 mice were divided into five groups, metformin group I (positive control), group II,III,and IV infusion sappan wood 10% w/v,15%w/v and 20%w/v and group V aquadest (negative control). Measured levels of fasting blood glucose (initial concentration), after induction of alloxan intraperitoneally 120mg/kgBB and therapy during 15 days. The data obtained were processed statistically one way ANOVA. Based on the statistical analysis showed that the aquadest group was significantly different (p<0.05) compared to all test groups sappan wood and metformin. All sappan wood test group showed no significant difference (p>0.05) compared to the metformin group. Based on the results of this study concluded that the sappan wood 10%w/v;15%w/v;20%w/v have an antihyperglycemic effect and not significantly different (p>0.05) compared to metformin.

Immunomodulator is an ingredient or drug that can modulate immune system functions and activities. This study was conducted to determine the effect of ethanol extract of Melophlus sarasinorum sponge on macrophage phagocytosis activity. Twenty four male mice balb/c were divided into six groups. The first group received 100 mg/kg of ethanol extract of Melophlus Sarasinorum sponge, the second group received 200 mg/kg of ethanol extract of Melophlus sarasinorum sponge, the third group received 300 mg/kg of ethanol extract of Melophlus Sarasinorum sponge and the fourth group received 400 mg/kg of ethanol extract of Melophlus Sarasinorum sponge. The positive control group received Phyllanthus niruri linn extract (Stimuno®) 0,13 mg/g and the negative control group received NaCMC 0,5%. The extract was orally administered from first day to seventh day. On the eighth day, each of the mice was injected Staphylococcus aureus bacteria (SA) 0.5 mL intraperitoneally. Macrophage cell activity is calculated from smears of peritoneal fluid of mice. Increased doses of ethanol extract of Melophlus sarasinorum sponge increase the amount of macrophage phagocytosis activity that are 25,25% (negative control), 61,5% (positive control), 55,75% (100 mg/kg), 60,75% (200 mg/kg), 62,25% (300 mg/kg) dan 66,25% (400 mg/kg). The results showed that the ethanol extract of Melophlus sarasinorum sponge has the potential as immunomodulator at a doses of 300 mg/kgBB and 400 mg/kg with no significantly different effectiveness with positive control in increasing macrophage cell phagocytosis activity based on the result of post-hoc statistical test of Tukey (sig.> 0,05).

Immunomodulator is an ingredient or drug that can modulate immune system functions and activities. This study was conducted to determine the effect of ethanol extract of Melophlus sarasinorum sponge on macrophage phagocytosis activity. Twenty four male mice balb/c were divided into six groups. The first group received 100 mg/kg of ethanol extract of Melophlus Sarasinorum sponge, the second group received 200 mg/kg of ethanol extract of Melophlus sarasinorum sponge, the third group received 300 mg/kg of ethanol extract of Melophlus Sarasinorum sponge and the fourth group received 400 mg/kg of ethanol extract of Melophlus Sarasinorum sponge. The positive control group received Phyllanthus niruri linn extract (Stimuno®) 0,13 mg/g and the negative control group received NaCMC 0,5%. The extract was orally administered from first day to seventh day. On the eighth day, each of the mice was injected Staphylococcus aureus bacteria (SA) 0.5 mL intraperitoneally. Macrophage cell activity is calculated from smears of peritoneal fluid of mice. Increased doses of ethanol extract of Melophlus sarasinorum sponge increase the amount of macrophage phagocytosis activity that are 25,25% (negative control), 61,5% (positive control), 55,75% (100 mg/kg), 60,75% (200 mg/kg), 62,25% (300 mg/kg) dan 66,25% (400 mg/kg). The results showed that the ethanol extract of Melophlus sarasinorum sponge has the potential as immunomodulator at a doses of 300 mg/kgBB and 400 mg/kg with no significantly different effectiveness with positive control in increasing macrophage cell phagocytosis activity based on the result of post-hoc statistical test of Tukey (sig.> 0,05).