Atipamezole is a specific α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist, and there exists insufficient information on its use during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to determine the embryotoxic activity of Atipamezole through an in ovo method. During the first stage of the study, 210 fertile eggs were divided into seven groups of 30 fertile eggs and placed in an incubator. On the seventh day of the first stage, no application was made to the control group. The second group was administered 50 microliters (µL) of saline solution, while the other groups were given Atipamezole at doses of 250, 125, 62.5, 31.25 and 15.62 micrograms·egg-1 (µg·egg-1) in 50 µL saline solution. In the second stage, according to the embryotoxic dose range determined from the first stage, 150 fertile eggs were divided into five groups of 30 fertile eggs and placed in an incubator. On the seventh day of the second stage, no application was made to the control group. Fifty µL of saline solution was administered to the second group. The other groups were given Atipamezole at doses of 220, 190 and 160 µg·egg-1 in 50 µL saline solution. After the incubation period, the eggs hatched, and the embryonic mortality rates were calculated. The mortality rate was determined to be 39.3% at the highest dose (250 µg·egg-1 = 5 miligrams·kilograms-1 –mg·kg-1–) (P<0.05), while the mortality rate at other doses was determined to be the same as the control group (P>0.05). In conclusion, it can be stated that the dose determined for Atipamezole in this study was very high compared to the recommended doses and it can be used in pregnancy as a benefit-loss calculation when necessary. However molecular or histopathological studies regarding the development of organ drafts are necessary to determine the safety of its use during pregnancy.

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı sağlıklı koyunlara oral yolla ivermektin + prazikuantel kombinasyonu uygulamasının oksidatif durum, karaciğer ve böbrek fonksiyon parametrelerine etkisini belirlemektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırmada 18 adet Anadolu Merinosu ırkı koyuna önerilen dozda ivermektin + prazikuantel tablet (1 tablet/koyun) oral yolla uygulandı. Uygulamadan önce (0. gün) ve sonrasında 24 saat aralıklarla dört gün kan örnekleri alındı. Plazma 8-hidroksi-2-deoksiguanozin, malondialdehid, süperoksit dismutaz, glutasyon peroksidaz ve katalaz düzeyleri ticari kitler ile ELISA okuyucusunda belirlendi. Serum aspartat aminotransferaz, alanin aminotransferaz, alkalen fosfataz, kreatinin ve kan üre nitrojen düzeyleri otoanalizör ile ölçüldü. Bulgular: Araştırmanın ilk 2 gün plazma 8-hidroksi-2-deoksiguanozin düzeyleri, 3. ve 4. gün değerlerinden yüksek olduğu belirlenirken (P<0.05), plazma glutasyon peroksidaz düzeylerinde ise istatistiki dalgalanmalar gözlendi (P<0.05). Araştırmanın 3. gün kan üre nitrojen değerinin 0. günden yüksek olduğu belirlendi (P<0.05). Öneri: Sonuç olarak sağlıklı koyunlara önerilen dozda ivermektin + prazikuantel uygulamasının oksidatif strese neden olmadığı, karaciğer ve böbrek fonksiyon parametrelerine belirgin etkisinin olmadığı ifade edilebilir.

No abstract

Background: Ivermectin may affect the levels of cytokines and immunoglobulins in sheep, considering that avermectins have an effect on the immune system. Objective: To determine whether ivermectin has an effect on cytokines and immunoglobulins in sheep. Methods: After administration of ivermectin to 10 healthy sheep, sheep-specific interferon-α, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-2, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M, and immunoglobulin E levels were measured with an ELISA reader. Results: Significant (p<0.05) fluctuations were detected in interleukin-2 and interleukin-10 levels. Transient increases (p<0.05) were measured in tumor necrosis factor-α and immunoglobulin E levels (p<0.05). Conclusion: Ivermectin may affect immune system parameters in healthy sheep; however, the effects of ivermectin administration on infected sheep should be investigated.