Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a world-wide pandemic. Internationally, because of availability, accessibility, and distribution issues, there is a need for additional vaccines. This study aimed to: establish the feasibility of personal dendritic cell vaccines to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, establish the safety of a single subcutaneous vaccine injection, and determine the antigen-specific immune response following vaccination. In Phase 1, 31 subjects were assigned to one of nine formulations of autologous dendritic cells and lymphocytes (DCL) incubated with 0.10, 0.33, or 1.0 µg of recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, and admixed with saline or 250 or 500 µg of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) prior to injection, then assessed for safety and humoral response. In Phase 2, 145 subjects were randomized to one of three formulations defined by incubation with the same three quantities of spike protein without GM-CSF, then assessed for safety and cellular response. Vaccines were successfully manufactured for every subject at point-of-care. Approximately 46.4% of subjects had a grade 1 adverse event (AE); 6.5% had a grade 2 AE. Among 169 evaluable subjects, there were no acute allergic, grade 3 or 4, or serious AE. In Phase 1, anti-receptor binding domain antibodies were increased in 70% of subjects on day-28. In Phase 2, in the 127 subjects who did not have high levels of gamma interferon-producing cells at baseline, 94.4% had increased by day 14 and 96.8% by day 28. Point-of-care personal vaccine manufacturing was feasible. Further development of such subject-specific vaccines is warranted.

Biofilm formation and the expression of icaA gene can be induced by environment conditions that are potentially toxic for bacterial cells. The effect of green flies maggots secretion to biofilm was studied some years ago to investigate in vitro effect of secretion of Chloroprocta sp. maggots on the formation of Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm (phenotype) and the expression level of icaA gene (genotype) for indicating its mechanism on bacterial biofilm eradication. Microtiter plate biofilm assay was used to measure the effect of Chloroprocta sp. maggots secretion at various concentration on S. epidermidis biofilm. The expression level of icaA gene was performed by Real TimePCR using lightcycler method. The biofilm susceptibility test was done against maggots excretion/secretion using MTT assay. Whereas planktonic susceptibility testing was carried out using Kirby Bauer method. In the presence of maggots secretion at low concentration (5%), biofilm formation of S. epidermidis 734 was induced. In contrast, the expression level of icaA gene in production of maggots excretion/ secretion at concentration of 5% was lower than that of without maggots secretion (1/2 Fold). Eradication of bacterial biofilm was demonstrated after 48h incubation (MD=-0,011;P<0,05), but planktonic cell. In vitro difference effect of the Chloroprocta sp. maggots secretion at low concentration to phenotype and genotype of S. epidermidis biofilm showed that the possibility of maggots secretion ability to eradicate bacterial biofilm was not mainly due to the expression level of icaA gene.

World TB report from World Health Organization (WHO) in 2017 informed that Indonesia was second country with TB case. Multi Drug Resistance pulmonary infection’s case in Indonesia were 12.000. Kariadi hospital is one of tertiary hospital for pulmonary MDR-TB treatment but, there is no study about risk factor of it yet, so it needed to find risk factors of MDR-TB pulmonary infection in Kariadi hospital. Cross Sectional design using secondary data from Medical Record  from January 1st -  December 31, 2017 with result of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on GeneXpert sputum examination. Bivariate analysis with Chi square test and multivariate analysis was done by multiple logistic regression. The p value was considered significant if <0.05, all analyzes were 2-tailed. Totally 110 patients were obtained during periode, 55 samples for case and 55 samples for control. There were correlation between smoking habit OR = 3,1 (CI 95% 1,1-8,7), malnutrition OR = 2,9 (CI 95% 1,3-6,3), contact with patient with MDR pulmonary TB infection OR = 12,0 (CI 95% 1,5-97,3), past treatment  OR = 81,7(CI 95% 23,4-285,2) and ≥6months past treatment OR = 94,5 (CI 95% 12,1-736,2. Risk factor that could influence together were contact with patient with MDR pulmonary TB infection OR = 34,5 (CI 95% 2,6-464,5), past treatment OR = 39,4 (CI 95% 8,3-186,3) and ≥ 6months past treatment OR = 12,4 (CI 95% 1,3-117,7). Risk factors for the incidence of pulmonary MDR TB infection are past contact with patient with MDR pulmonary TB infection, past treatment  and  ≥ 6months past treatment.

This research is a quantitative research with a correlational approach which aims to: 1) describe the school literacy movement of High Grade Students of UPT SD Inpres 5/81 Ajangpulu, Cina District, Bone Regency, 2) describe the reading comprehension ability of High Grade Students of UPT SD Inpres 5/81 Ajangpulu China Subdistrict, Bone Regency, 3) describe the relationship between the school literacy movement and the reading comprehension ability of high grade students of UPT SD Inpres 5/81 Ajangpulu, Cina, Bone Regency, with a total of 32 students. Data collection was carried out using questionnaires and tests. Data analysis technique with descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistical analysis. Based on the results of descriptive statistical analysis, the results of the research on the school literacy movement have an average of 79.40 and a percentage of 79.40% with a good category and the average reading comprehension ability of high-class students has an average of 62.40 and a percentage of 62.40%. with medium category. Based on the results of inferential statistical analysis, the tcount value (2.81) is greater (>) the ttable value (1.6973) at a significance level of 21%. Thus H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. From the results of the study, it was concluded that there was a significant relationship between the School Literacy Movement and the Reading Comprehension Ability of High Grade Students of UPT SD Inpres 5/81 Ajangpulu, Cina District, Bone Regency.  Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan jenis pendekatan korelasional yang bertujuan untuk: 1) mendeskripsikan gerakan literasi sekolah Siswa Kelas Tinggi UPT SD Inpres 5/81 Ajangpulu Kecamatan Cina Kabupaten Bone, 2) mendeskripsikan kemampuan membaca pemahaman Siswa Kelas Tinggi UPT SD Inpres 5/81 Ajangpulu Kecamatan Cina Kabupaten Bone, 3) mendeskripsikan gambaran hubungan gerakan literasi sekolah dengan kemampuan membaca pemahaman siswa kelas tinggi UPT SD Inpres 5/81 Ajangpulu Kecamatan Cina Kabupaten Bone dengan jumlah siswa 32 orang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan angket dan tes. Teknik analisis data dengan analisis statistik deskriptif dan analisis statistik inferensial. Berdasarkan hasil analisis statistik deskriptif diperoleh hasil penelitian gerakan literasi sekolah memiliki rata-rata 79,40 dan persentase 79,40% dengan kategori baik dan rata-rata kemampuan membaca pemahaman siswa kelas tinggi memiliki rata-rata 62,40 dan persentase 62,40% dengan kategori sedang. Berdasarkan hasil analisis statistik inferensial menunjukkan nilai thitung (2,81) lebih besar (>) nilai ttabel (1,6973) pada taraf signifikansi 5%. Dengan demikian H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima. Kesimpulan  penelitian bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara Gerakan Literasi Sekolah dengan Kemampuan Membaca Pemahaman Siswa Kelas Tinggi UPT SD Inpres 5/81 Ajangpulu Kecamatan Cina Kabupaten Bone.