ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the awareness rate of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) among the general public in China and provide data about prostate cancer (PCa) for related scientific research.MethodsA cross-sectional survey of PSA awareness was conducted in multiple regional populations using an online questionnaire. The questionnaire included basic information, knowledge about PCa, the awareness rate and application of PSA, and future expectations toward applying PSA screening in clinical practice. The study applied the methods of Pearson chi-square analysis and Logistic regression analysis.ResultsA total of 493 valid questionnaires were included. Two hundred and nineteen respondents (44.4%) were males, and 274 (55.6%) were females. Of all respondents, 212 (43.0%) were under 20 years old, 147 (29.8%) were 20–30 years old, 74 (15.0%) were 30–40 years old, and 60 (12.2%) were over 40 years old. There are 310 people (62.9%) with medical educational background and 183 (37.1%) without. One hundred eighty-seven (37.9%) of the respondents were aware of PSA, and 306 (62.1%) were unaware of PSA. Statistically significant differences were obtained between the two groups regarding different ages, educational backgrounds, occupations, departments, and habits of knowing medical knowledge (all p < 0.05). In addition, the differences between the group of aware of PSA (AP) and the group unaware of PSA (UAP) in terms of whether they had been exposed to PSA screening and whether they had exposure to PCa patients or related knowledge were also observed (all p < 0.05). Age ≥30 years, medical educational background, understanding of medical knowledge, exposure to PCa patients or related knowledge, exposure to PSA screening, and status as a graduate student and above were independent factors for the occurrence of PSA awareness events (all p < 0.05). In addition, age ≥ 30 years, medical educational background, and awareness of PSA were independent factors for future expectations toward PSA (all p < 0.05).ConclusionsWe first analyzed the public awareness of PSA. Cognition degrees of PSA and PCa awareness vary among different populations in China. Therefore, we should designate corresponding widespread scientific educational programs for different populations to increase the awareness rate of PSA.