INTRODUCTIONEar discharge is any fluid that comes out from the external ear, also known as otorrhea. It could be in the form of blood, wax, pus or mucous fluid.Ear discharge is one of the cardinal symptoms of ear infection along with progressive deafness, pain, tinnitus and vertigo.Infection of the ear can be classified depending upon the site: otitis externa (infection of external ear) and otitis media (infection on middle ear). 1 Anatomy of the EARAs the matter of fact ear performs two sensory function: hearing and maintenance of equilibrium balance of the body. Ear can be divided in to three parts: outer ear, middle ear and inner ear. Outer earIt consists of two parts, pinna and external auditory meatus. The external auditory meatus extends up to the tympanic membrane (ear drum). Pinna and external ABSTRACT Background: Ear discharge is one of the cardinal symptoms of ear infection along with progressive deafness, pain, tinnitus and vertigo. Main objectives of the study were to study the various causes of ear discharge, isolate and identify the microorganisms associated with different causes of ear discharge and study the antibiotic sensitivity patterns of the isolated organisms. Methods: All the patients matching the inclusion criteria were enrolled and sample of ear discharge was collected. This sample was sent to the microbiology laboratory for isolation of microorganism and antimicrobial sensitivity testing. Results: In present study 115 samples of ear discharge were examined for the presence of microorganisms. Out of 115, 93 (80.86%) samples were positive for growth of microorganisms and 22 (19.13%) samples were sterile. Out of 93% positive samples 61 (65.59%) samples were pure-bacterial growth, 8 (*8.60%) samples showed pure fungal growth and 24 (25.80%) showed mixed growth of both bacteria anti fungi. Conclusions: Overall bacterial isolates were higher than fungal and pseudomonas appeared to be most common. It was found sensitive to ceftazidime, amikacin, imipenem, colistin and aztreonam.

Background: Children are unique population with distinct development and physiological differences from adults, clinical trials in children are essential to develop age-specific, empiricallyverified therapies and interventions to determine and improve the best medical treatment available. The aim of this study was to find out the appropriateness and accuracy of the dose of drugs prescribed and compares it with standard dose. Methods: Total 400 prescriptions were collected from the OPD of the paediatrics of Shree Krishna Hospital, Karamsad. Calculation of standard total daily dose for each drug was done by using Clark's formula and was compared with that of prescribed dose of that particular drug. Results: Total 1042 drugs were prescribed. Among antibiotics (22%) statistically significant difference in the prescribed and standard total daily dose was observed with cefexime [t-value 28.6>1.96 for 95% confidence interval] and metronidazole [t-value2.03>1.96 for 95% confidence interval], NSAIDs (31%), Paracetamol [t-value11.14>1.96 for 95% confidence interval] and antihistaminics (22%), phenylephrine [t-value7.1>1.96 for 95% confidence interval], cetrizine [t-value2.4>2.00 for 95% confidence interval]. Conclusions: Results show that prescribed doses of commonly used drugs were higher than the standard dose. This is directly related to the occurrence and severity of adverse drug reactions.

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Dacrocystitis refers to a series of clinical entities characterized by inflammation of lacrimal sac which leads to obstruction at the level of drainage of lacrimal system. Owing to the initial encouraging results and simplicity of the operation, it is decided that all symptomatic patients with lacrimal drainage obstruction would be treated initially by endoscopic endonasal dacrocystorhinostomy method, irrespective of the level of obstruction. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">A total 50 patients were included in the study over a period of 3-4 months. They were subjected to endonasal dacrocystorhinostomy and were evaluated for postoperative complications.  </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Very few complications were seen postoperatively suggesting that this newer technique may be useful. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Endonasal dacrocystorhinostomy may prove better in coming years.</span></p>