Permasalahan kabut asap akibat terbakarnya hutan dan lahan di Indonesiamerupakan kejadian berulang setiap tahun. Dampak kabut asap tidak saja dialamioleh masyarakat sekitar, namun juga berdampak ke wilayah lain di Indonesiabahkan menjadi kado tahunan bagi beberapa negara tetangga Indonesia. Kerugianyang diderita tidak saja bersifat materiil bahkan sampai merenggut nyawa.Dengan metode yuridis normatif, dapat dijelaskan persoalan kabut asap yangmengakibatkan warga negara tidak mendapatkan haknya atas lingkungan udarayang baik dan sehat dapat di jadikan sebagai dasar mengajukan gugatan citizenlawsuit. Gugatan dilakukan agar penyelenggara negara mengeluarkan suatukebijakan yang bersifat umum agar kelalaian atau kegagalan dalam pemenuhanhak warga negara tersebut di masa mendatang tidak terjadi lagi. Potensi mengatasikabut asap melalui mekanisme citizen lawsuit yaitu pemerintah akan mengeluarkansuatu aturan yang lebih tegas agar kejadian kabut asap tidak lagi terulang.

Meningkatnya perkara tanah di pengadilan memunculkan keinginan untuk mempercepat proses penyelesaian melalui pola penyelesaian di luar pengadilan. Berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Agraria dan Tata Ruang/Kepala Badan Pertanahan Nasional Nomor 11 Tahun 2016 tentang Penyelesaian Kasus Pertanahan, sengketa tanah dapat diselesaikan melalui mediasi di luar pengadilan. Model mediasi yang cocok dalam penyelesaian sengketa tanah adalah mediasi berbasis kepentingan interest based, yaitu fokus mediasi diarahkan pada substansi kepentingan terbaik bagi kedua belah pihak berdasarkan pada aspek penyelesaian bersama dengan cara menyelesaikan akar persoalan, menghindari konflik berkepanjangan antara para pihak, serta adanya keinginan untuk mempunyai hubungan baik jangka panjang.

The state is responsible for providing protection and management in accordance with the authority it has so that environmental damage does not occur that causes flooding and is able to anticipate the possibility of flooding again in the future. However, in practice it cannot be denied that state administrators, in this case the central government to local governments, have the possibility of committing a mistake as an act against the law because it does not provide fulfillment of the rights of citizens, so that the community can sue the state for that mistake. Citizen lawsuits do not lead to claims for losses, but demands in the form of issuing general policies by the government. The purpose of this study is to find out about the efforts of citizens to obtain protection from the threat of flooding through the citizen lawsuit mechanism and to find out how the potential citizen lawsuit mechanism in resolving floods so that it does not happen again. This study uses a normative juridical approach by using perspective analysis. The results showed that the problem of flooding resulted in citizens not getting their rights to a good and healthy environment. The citizen lawsuit is carried out so that state officials issue a general regulatory policy as a preventive one (disaster mitigation) so that floods do not occur again in the future.

Along with the increasing of development activity and the increase of population of course on the other side need land and space as place to accommodate the development activity take place. Land use by any development activity will at least change the initial environmental tone to a new environmental tone, resulting in a change in environmental sustainability. With the occurrence of changes in environmental tone let alone to happen over the agricultural land functions then this is a threat to the achievement of food security and sovereignty. Land use transfer has serious implications for food production, physical environment, and the welfare of agricultural and rural communities whose livelihood depends on their land. The conversion of fertile agricultural land has been less balanced by the integrated efforts to develop agricultural land through the printing of potential new agricultural land. On the other hand, the conversion of agricultural land causes the narrowness of cultivated land and often leads to a decrease in the welfare of farmers. Therefore, the control of the conversion of agricultural land through the protection of agricultural land is one of the efforts to realize food security and sovereignty, in order to improve the prosperity and welfare of farmers and society in general. Moreover, it is realized that food is the main basic need for human beings that must be fulfilled at all times and the right to obtain food is one of human rights. As a basic need and one of human rights, food has a meaning and a very important role for the life of a nation. The availability of food that is smaller than the level of community needs will create economic instability. Various social and political upheavals can also occur if food security is disrupted. This critical food condition can even endanger economic stability and national stability.

The purpose of this research is to study and analyze the characteristics of dispute resolution in a wetland environment through the integration of environmental aspects, culture and empowerment of rural communities. A life that is safe, orderly and peaceful, is the life of human society so that every dispute needs to be resolved. In fact, the principle of justice is simple, fast and low cost for most people. This research method uses a socio-juridical (socio-legal) approach using an interdisciplinary or "hybrid" approach between aspects of normative legal research with a sociological approach using qualitative analysis. The results show that through the settlement of disputes based on deliberation to reach consensus (badamai) based on local wisdom that grows and develops in communities in wetland areas, it is hoped that it will be able to expand access to justice in rural communities and reduce the burden of cases on formal channels. This requires a forum as an institution that facilitates the settlement of disputes outside the court at the village level.