On the basis of Japanese long‐line fishery data during 1970–1988, anticlockwise migration routes of albacore in the North Pacific are newly proposed. The annual migration route for mature albacore is described as a closed ellipse with a centre at 20°N and 170°E, and is wider in El Niño years than non‐El Niño years associated with an appearance of a cold‐water region in the central and south‐western North Pacific. Immature albacore also have an anticlockwise migration route in winter which extends from 25°N to 35°N and from 130°E to 180°E, when the Kuroshio has a relatively straight path. However, the migration does not persist when the Kuroshio takes a large meander path.

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Al 2 O 3 (corundum)/Y 3 Al 5 O| 2 (garnet, YAG) eutectic fiber samples were produced by the micro-pulling-down (μ-PD) method and the substitution of Sc 2 O 3 for AI 2 O 3 in the Α1 2 Ο 3 /Υ 3 Α1 5 Οι 2 eutectic fibers was studied by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD) together with X-ray diffraction (XRD). The substitution of Sc 2 O 3 up to 5mol% appears to enhance the formation of the colony texture in the typical "Chinese script structure" with an ordinary crystal lographic relationship of [110] corundum // [111] garnet parallel to the solidification direction and [001] corundum // [211] garnet perpendicularto the solidification direction. Nevertheless, the further substitution up to 10mol% Sc 2 O 3 induced the primary growth of garnet rods parallel to the solidification direction, and the gap among them was filled by another Chinese script structure with the novel crystallographic relationship of [001] corundum // [100] garnet parallel to the solidification direction. The preference of Sc at the dodecahedral site of the garnet structure, was also confirmed by the single crystal X-ray diffraction.

Directionally solidified eulectic fiber samples in the A1 2 0 ? /YIA1 5 0|2 (corundum/YAG) system were produced by using the micro-pulling down (μ-PD) method. The "Chinese script" microstructure was produced in present fiber samples and the corresponding crystallographic orientation relationship [0 0 l] corun( i um //[112 ]YACI perpendicular to the solidification direction was clarified by the ordinary single crystal X-ray diffraction. This crystallographic orientation was suggested to be an essential one featured in directionally solidified Al 2 0 3 /Y^Al50| 2 eutectics.