The advent of modern investigations like ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging has completely revolutionized the diagnosis of gallstones and biliary diseases. However, role of biliary scintigraphy has remained pivotal in some of the biliary tract pathologies especially in detecting the functional problems, leaks and bile reflux. HIDA (hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid) scintigraphy is conventionally used to diagnose these pathologies and not associated with many harmful effects, although it is time consuming. We reviewed this investigation and its utility in detail encompassing the recent evidence and efficacy.
Blunt aortic injury (BAI) as a result of thoracic trauma is a rare entity in the adult and pediatric population. The endovascular approach has been the preferred method of management over operative repair in adults. However, data on pediatrics is limited to case reports and case series with no long-term follow-up. There are no current guidelines for management in the pediatric population. We are reporting a successful repair of a traumatic thoracic aortic aneurysm in a 13 year old boy with covered stents, with a review of relevant literature.
The magnetic label did not affect the physiological characteristics of the cells and did not change identity, purity and potency (therapeutic effect in vivo) of EVs. MRI phantom studies confirmed the in vitro/ex vivo detectability of labeled-EVs. Importantly, as expected MRI studies showed that EV homing to the kidney injected intra-cardiacally into Alport mice was more efficient vs the retro-orbital route, and Prussian blue staining of sections confirmed EV homing to the kidney.CONCLUSIONS: We have developed a clinically applicable novel magnetic nanoparticle agent that can be used to label and track the biodistribution of EVs in the kidney and other organs using noninvasive, safe, and effective MRI technology that's widely available. This technology is highly adaptable and can be deployed in both preclinical and clinical settings.
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