In this paper a mode II fracture testing method has been developed for wood from analytical, experimental and numerical investigations. Analytical results obtained by other researchers showed that the specimen geometry and loading type used for the proposed mode II testing method results in only mode II stress intensity and no mode I stress intensity at the crack tip. Experiments have been carried out to determine mode II fracture toughness/';'nc and fracture energy GHF from the test data collected from both spruce (picea abies) and poplar (populus nigra) specimens. It was found that there existed a very good relation between fracture toughness KHc and fracture energy GUF when the influence of orthotropic stiffness Eli in mode II was taken into account. It verified that for this mode II testing method the formula of LEFM can be employed for calculating mode II fracture toughness even for highly orthotropic materials like wood. In the numerical studies for the tested spruce specimen, the crack propagation process, stress and strain fields in front of crack tips and the stress distributions along the ligament have been investigated in detail. It can be seen that the simulated crack propagating process along the ligament is a typical shear cracking pattern and the development of cracks along the ligament is due to shear stress concentrations at the crack tips of the specimen. It has been shown that this mode II fracture testing method is suitable for measuring mode II fracture toughness Ki~c for highly orthotropic materials like wood.

Die Bauten von Vladimir G. Šuchov sind herausragende Beispiele der Ingenieurkunst. Erst nach dem politischen Umbruch in Russland nach 1989 gelangten seine Werke wieder zu internationaler Bekanntheit und Bewunderung. Ein Großteil seiner Bauwerke, wie der Radioturm in Moskau, ist bedroht. Dieser Aufsatz berichtet über die Rettungsmaßnahmen für zwei seiner Bauwerke. Rescue operation for Shukhovs buildings in the region of Niznij Novgorod. The constructions of Vladimir G. Shukhov are outstanding examples of engineering. His works regained publicity and admiration only after the political upheaval in Russia after 1989. Most of his buildings, like the radio tower in Moscow, are endangered. This essay gives account of the rescue measures for two of his prominent constructions.