Objective: To evaluate the necessity of using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the staging of patients with clinically localized prostate cancer. Methods: Sixty-one patients with prostate cancer were evaluated with MRI for preoperative staging with a conventional body-coil (Siemens Magnetom, 1.0 Tesla superconducting system). Twenty-nine patients underwent radical prostatectomy for presumed clinically localized disease. Of those, 17 were staged both with MRI and computerized tomography (CT). The remaining patients were staged with CT alone. MRI and CT findings, and the final pathologic staging of patients are reviewed. Results: On pathological examination of the surgical specimens, the tumor was found to extend beyond the prostate in 7 patients (41%). Among the 17 patients who were operated, extraprostatic extension (EPE) was detected accurately in 3 patients with MRI (sensitivity 20%, specificity 92%, accuracy 70.5%). No metastatic lymph nodes were detected on the basis of MRI (sensitivity 0%, specificity 93%, accuracy 88.2%). In 1 patient EPE was correctly identified by CT (sensitivity 14%, specificity 100%, accuracy 64.7%). Conclusion: Neither MRI with conventional body-coild nor CT are sufficient to indicate local extension of disease in clinically localized prostate cancer.

We described guest nematodes in serous and lipid skin glands in two anuran species from the Old and New Worlds: Rana camerani and Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis, respectively. These glands are involved in three types of response: a) invaginations from the periluminal plasma membrane which accommodate the "round worms"; b) secretory release into such hosting chambers; c) migration of macrophages from the periglandular stroma to the secretory unit. There are no obvious signs suggesting the glands are harmed by the nematodes, nor are the latter affected by defence reactions, either secretory or cell-mediated, of their hosts. Nematodes are natural tracers which allow analysis of the inner space system (lumina as well as interstitia) in the glands. Furthermore, they provide the opportunity for functional characterisation of anuran serous glands under intrusion stress, revealing peculiar reactive traits, namely a pliable periluminal plasma membrane and inducible processes of secretory release.

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Açlık grevleri iki yönden incelenmiştir. Ancak bu iki yönün iç içe geçtiğini söylemek yanlış olmaz. Ilki, bbbi etik diğeri tüzel yön. Ancak bu iki açıdan incelenmesine geçmeden, açlık grevlerinin tarihçesi kısaca anlatıllIl1.'ibr. Tıbbi etik açısından açlık grevleri uluslararası ve ulusal belge ve bildirgeler çerçevesinde ele alınmıştır. Iki temel uluslararası bildirge, Tokyo ve Malta Bildirgeleridir. Türkiye'deki mevzuat, bu metinler ışığında değerlendirilmiştir. Tıbbi etik tartışmalarına yer verilen ilk bölümde, açlık grevcilerine ve ölüm orucundakilere nasıl yaklaşılacağı, müdahalenit! olanaklılığı, hekim-hasta ve hekim-grevci ilişkileri bağlamında değerlendirilmiştir. Tüzel incelemenin yapıldığı ikinci kısımda, kamu tüzesi ve özel tüzede konuyla ilgili bir düzenleme olup olmadığı araşbnlmış, ardından, anayasal çerçevede ele alınan açlık grevlerinin, yaşam hakkı ve düşünceyi açıklama ve yayma hakkı bağlamında incelenebileceği sonucuna varıllIl1.'ibr.

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