Background The study investigated the association between varicocele, lower extremity venous insufficiency and hemorrhoidal disease. Methods The study included 62 patients with varicocele and 60 voluntary subjects with no varicocele. Patients who were diagnosed as having varicocele on physical examination and Doppler ultrasonography were included in the study group. Examination of lower extremity venous insufficiency was performed by physical examination and Doppler ultrasonography. Examination of hemorrhoidal disease was performed by a general surgery specialist. Results The patients with varicocele had a statistically significant ( p < 0.05) higher rates of venous insufficiency of the lower extremities and had a borderline significant difference of higher hemorrhoidal disease rates ( p = 0.05). Therewithal incidences of hemorrhoidal disease and lower extremity venous insufficiency were significantly higher in body mass index > 25 and age > 30 years of varicocele patients. Conclusion There is a statistically significant relation between varicocele, lower extremity venous insufficiency, and hemorrhoidal disease. In particular, varicocele patients who are aged over 30 years and overweight are at higher risk.

We retrospectively evaluated the data of 91 cases with 51 men (mean age 55.48) and 40 women (mean age 48.17) who were diagnosed with Retroperitoneal abscess between June 2010 and December 2017. The ethical approval of this study is received from our own institution (25.04.2018; 003). Demographic data, location and origin of the abscess, predisposing factors, urine, blood and ABSTRACT Retroperitoneal abscess is a rare clinical condition that can cause mortality if not properly treated. In our study, we aimed to report the data of retroperitoneal abscess cases which performed percutaneous drainage in the first step treatment. A retrospective study was made of 81 patients with retroperitoneal abscesses treated at our hospital from June 2010 to December 2017 for the purpose of analyzing the diagnosis and treatment of these rare infections. In each case, we analyzed patient characteristics, abscess location and origin, predispo sing factors, clinical presentation, microbiology, radiographic findings, treatment, and outcome. 81 cases were identified as 11 (14%) primary and 70 (86%) as secondary. The majority (63%) of these abscesses were originated from Urinary System, while others were found to be originated from psoas, vertebral and Gastrointestinal system (GIS). Urolithiasis, previous surgery, and other Urinary system anomalies were determined to be the most common predisposing factors. Escherichia coli (E. coli) was the most commonly seen pathogen in abscess culture. In all patients, percutaneous drainage catheter was successfully placed in the abscess lodge. No serious complications occurred in patients during and after the procedure. 78/81 (96%) clinical success was achieved. In 12 months follow-ups, recurrence was seen in only 5 patients. Percutaneous abscess drainage should be preferred in the treatment of retroperitoneal abscesses as easy to perform, cost effective, low complication risk and high success rate

A greater need to enhance comfort characteristics during vehicle design process has recently forced the manufacturers to develop simulation-based approaches. In this study, a simulation-based model of a full-car suspension system is proposed to predict the ride comfort. A simulation model was created for calculating ride comfort effectively. This simulation uses seat-back, seat-surface, and feet acceleration values collected from four different road vehicles which were run on six different roads. Parameters which effect ride comfort were also investigated. Using these parameters, a simulation-based model of a full-car suspension system including engine and seat is created for predicting the ride comfort. The correlation between the results of physical tests and the simulation is very promising. It was found that the effect of an engine has a substantial influence on the ride comfort. To find the optimum values of each parameter, an optimization process was executed properly and added in the model. Using this model, the best ride comfort values were computed without the need of physical prototypes. The developed algorithm can be very helpful as an assistant tool for engineers during vehicle design and manufacturing process.

Cystic hygroma is a rare congenital malformation of the lymphatic system. It is most frequently detected in the head and neck region. Ultrasonography is performed as the first step for radiological diagnosis of these lesions. Magnetic resonance imaging provides important information for diagnosis and to guide treatment. In this paper, a case is reported of cervicomediastinal large cystic hygroma in a male infant.

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