Diversos elementos afetam a saúde do trabalhador, sendo o ruído um importante fator causador de estresse e prejudicial aos operadores expostos por muitas horas à tais ruídos elevados. O objetivo do trabalho foi de quantificar e dimensionar a amplitude dos valores de ruído em diferentes rotações de dois tratores agrícolas. O ensaio foi realizado nas dependências do Núcleo de Ensaio de Máquinas e Pneus Agroflorestais, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, UNESP de Botucatu/SP. O ruído foi mensurado com um decibelímetro marca Icel modelo DL-4200. Utilizou-se dois tratores de 78 cv de potência. As rotações escolhidas foram a rotação de 2200 rpm e a de 2400 rpm. Os valores de ruído foram analisados por geoestatística. Para a construção dos mapas temáticos, utilizou-se o software Surfer. A variabilidade espacial do ruído em torno do trator teve maior alcance na plena aceleração com 31m. Os valores de ruído superiores a 85dB foram encontrados numa distância de 7m para rotação de trabalho e 11 m para plena aceleração em relação ao trator. Os valores encontrados nessas distâncias são considerados prejudiciais para os operadores das máquinas e para indivíduos que permaneçam próximos ao trator segundo a norma NR 15.
The use of cover crops has benefits for the chemical, physical and biological properties of the soil. However, together with the need for good vegetable productivity, considerable challenges arise in several regions of Brazil. The preparation of conventional soil for initiating no-tillage systems is necessary to create a management history and assimilate the benefits of the no-tillage system in vegetables, ensuring sustainable production. The objective of this research was to evaluate lettuce yield as a function of different cover crops as a function of resistance to soil penetration. The experiment was conducted in the horticulture sector of the University of Rio Verde, Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil. The cover crops used were sunflower (Helianthus annuus), sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea), and fallow, and the vegetable used was lettuce (Lactuca sativa). The variables analyzed were plant height and lettuce yield, straw decomposition, and soil resistance to penetration. The collected data were submitted to analysis of variance, and if significant, was compared by Tukey test (p < 0.05) and regression analysis. The lettuce height in the different management systems showed no statistical differences. The decomposition of the straw presented accentuated degradation for the evaluated cover crops and the productivity was bigger in the straw of crotalaria and fallow. Soil resistance for cover crops was not greater than 2 MPa.
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