Abstrak: Tulisan ini membahas pandangan fuqaha terhadap sistem mudharabah dalam ilmu fikih dan perbankan syariah. Pembahasan ini sangat penting dikarenakan akad mudharabah merupakan salah satu akad yang dapat membantu masyarakat dalam melakukan transaksi ekonomi melalui perbankan syariah. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menyoroti akad mudharabah dalam ilmu fikih dan sistem mudharabah dalam perbankan syariah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian pustaka. Data penelitian yang digunakan adalah data kualitatif. Pengumpulan dilakukan dari beberapa sumber untuk dijadikan referensi seperti buku-buku baik online atau cetak, artikel ilmiah yang didownload dari jurnal, fatwa-fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional Majelis Ulama Indonesia (DSN-MUI), peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) dan sumber data lainnya. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah kondensasi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa akad mudharabah menurut mayoritas Fuqaha yaitu akad yang dilakukan oleh dua pihak yang saling menanggung, dan salah satu menjadi pemodal dan menyerahkan hartanya untuk diperdagangkan/dikelola dan keuntungan akan dibagi sesuai yang telah ditentukan. Di dalam perbankan syariah akad mudhrabah dibedakan menjadi dua bentu yaitu sebagai sistem dan sebagai produk.
This article uses a sociological approach to discuss consumer protection in the sales system through e-commerce during the covid-19 pandemic. This study aims to provide legal certainty to consumers by highlighting consumer protection laws and the role of the government in protecting people who make transactions in e-commerce. This article is juridical-normative research. This article uses qualitative data that is a literature study. In this case, two types of data are used: primary and secondary data. Primary data includes Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. At the same time, secondary data is obtained from library sources such as books, scientific articles, theses, dissertations, research reports, internet websites, and other data sources. Miles et al. used the qualitative data analysis technique, namely data condensation, data presentation, and concluding. The analysis results show that the consumer protection law does not only apply to consumers but to everyone who transacts in it. Consumer protection is very much needed to maintain security and provide convenience for sellers and buyers in carrying out economic transactions in the covid-19 pandemic. The role of law in consumer protection following the Consumer Protection Law Number 8 of 1999 provides efforts to ensure legal certainty to protect consumers.
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