The power of government has the characteristics of an authoritarian system of government, namely the concentration of power (concentration of power), or the concentration of power granted by law and the constitution to the president, so that the authority to govern Indonesia characterized by autocratic powers. Indonesian system adheres to the constitutional presidential system of government, which means that the president accountable to the constitution and not to the people as befits a presidential system, so that in case of infringement; either the law or the constitution by the president only mass force can be dropped. Abstrak Kekuasaan pemerintah memiliki ciri-ciri sistem pemerintahan otoriter, yaitu konsentrasi kekuasaan (konsentrasi kekuasaan), atau konsentrasi kekuasaan yang diberikan oleh hukum dan konstitusi kepada presiden, sehingga wewenang untuk memerintah Indonesia ditandai dengan otokratis kekuatan. Sistem Indonesia menganut sistem pemerintahan presidensial konstitusional, yang berarti bahwa presiden bertanggung jawab kepada konstitusi dan bukan kepada rakyat sebagaimana layaknya sistem presidensial, sehingga dalam hal terjadi pelanggaran, baik hukum atau konstitusi oleh presiden, hanya kekuatan massa yang bisa dijatuhkan.
The power of government has the characteristics of an authoritarian system of government, namely the concentration of power (concentration of power), or the concentration of power granted by law and the constitution to the president, so that the authority to govern Indonesia characterized by autocratic powers. Indonesian system adheres to the constitutional presidential system of government, which means that the president accountable to the constitution and not to the people as befits a presidential system, so that in case of infringement; either the law or the constitution by the president only mass force can be dropped. Abstrak Kekuasaan pemerintah memiliki ciri-ciri sistem pemerintahan otoriter, yaitu konsentrasi kekuasaan (konsentrasi kekuasaan), atau konsentrasi kekuasaan yang diberikan oleh hukum dan konstitusi kepada presiden, sehingga wewenang untuk memerintah Indonesia ditandai dengan otokratis kekuatan. Sistem Indonesia menganut sistem pemerintahan presidensial konstitusional, yang berarti bahwa presiden bertanggung jawab kepada konstitusi dan bukan kepada rakyat sebagaimana layaknya sistem presidensial, sehingga dalam hal terjadi pelanggaran, baik hukum atau konstitusi oleh presiden, hanya kekuatan massa yang bisa dijatuhkan.
Leptospirosis is zoonotic disease, caused by spirochete-bacteria Leptospira, transmitted by excreted urine of rodent into the environment. Sanitary workers had high-risk of Leptospira infection due to frequent exposure to contaminated environment, which could cause asymptomatic leptospiruria (the presence of leptospira in urine) and severe complications, such as chronic kidney disease. The aim of this study was to find leptospiruria in sanitary workers, using PCR method, targeting specific genes of Leptospira. Urine samples and questionnaires were obtained from fifteen sanitary workers. Samples were cultured in EMJH-broth with addition of 5-fluorouracil, incubated for 3 months and observed for growth of bacteria using dark-field microscope. Identification of bacteria was performed by PCR, targeting lipl32, rrl, flaB, ompL1 genes, followed by sequencing using Sanger method, alignment using ClustalW and BLAST. The questionnaires result showed that 26,7% of respondent had medium level of risk factors, and 53,3% of respondent had applied good prevention for leptospirosis. Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was relationship between risk factors and prevention. Culture result showed growth in four samples, and analysis by PCR only showed rrl-PCR had expected amplicon. However sequencing result showed that the amplicon had 99% homogeneity to Pseudomonas stutzeri. In conclusion, Leptospira was not found in the urine of sanitary worker, might be due to applied good prevention for leptospirosis.Keywords: Leptospira, Leptospiruria, Sanitary Worker, Risk Factors ABSTRAK Leptospirosis adalah penyakit zoonosis, yang disebabkan oleh bacteria Leptospira Sp., ditularkan melalui urin hewan pengerat yang dikeluarkan ke lingkungan. Pekerja sanitasi memiliki risiko tinggi terinfeksi Leptospira karena sering terpapar lingkungan yang terkontaminasi, yang dapat menyebabkan leptospiruria (adanya liptospira dalam urin) tanpa gejala, dan komplikasi berat, seperti penyakit ginjal kronis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan leptospiruria pada petugas kebersihan, menggunakan metode PCR, menargetkan gen spesifik Leptospira. Sampel urin dan kuesioner diperoleh dari lima belas petugas kebersihan. Sampel dikultur dalam EMJH-broth dengan penambahan 5-fluorouracil, diinkubasi selama 3 bulan dan diamati pertumbuhan bakterinya menggunakan mikroskop medan gelap. Identifikasi bakteri dilakukan dengan PCR, menargetkan gen lipl32, rrl, flaB, ompL1, dilanjutkan dengan sequencing menggunakan metode Sanger, alignment menggunakan ClustalW dan BLAST. Hasil kuesioner menunjukkan bahwa 26,7% responden memiliki faktor risiko tingkat sedang, dan 53,3% responden telah menerapkan pencegahan leptospirosis yang baik. Analisis korelasi Pearson menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara faktor risiko dan pencegahan. Hasil kultur menunjukkan pertumbuhan pada keempat sampel, dan analisis dengan PCR hanya menunjukkan rrl-PCR memiliki amplikon yang diharapkan. Namun hasil sekuensing menunjukkan bahwa amplikon memiliki homogenitas 99% terhadap Pseudomonas stutzeri. Kesimpulannya, Leptospira tidak ditemukan dalam urin petugas kebersihan, mungkin karena penerapan pencegahan leptospirosis yang baik.Kata kunci: Leptospira, Leptospiruria, Petugas Kebersihan, Faktor Risiko
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.