The aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy of the application of mixtures containing various combinations of humic substances, with herbicides and nitrogen fertilizers, in weed control and optimizing the plant nutrition system. We also aimed to evaluate the influence of these substances on winter wheat productivity. Five Ukrainian winter wheat cultivars (‘Kryzhynka,’ ‘Smuhlyanka,’ ‘Slavna,’ ‘Kubus,’ and ‘Mulan’) were sown in a randomized complete block design, with three replications, in the years 2014–2019. The analysis of the effect of the compositions containing herbicides, with various physiologically active substances, in a mixture with humic preparations (Humifield, 4R Foliar concentrate) was performed by counting weeds per square meter in each experimental plot. The best performance in weed control, including perennial species, was obtained from using a mixture of Grodil Maxi herbicide with the humic preparation, Humifield. The crop treatment of this mixture resulted in a 23.6% reduction in weeds, compared to the treatment with the Grodil Maxi herbicide only. At the same time, the complex application of a number of herbicides in a mixture with the humic preparation, 4R Foliar concentrate led to the opposite effect. Various applications of mixtures of humates (4R Foliar concentrate, 5R SoilBoost) with nitrogen fertilizers (ammonium nitrate; carbamide-ammonium mixture) to optimize the winter wheat nutritional system and yield increases have been studied. The highest yield increase of 20%–22% was harvested in the plots treated with 5R SoilBoost and 4R Foliar concentrate plus ammonium nitrate. In addition, the efficacy of wheat crop foliar feeding with mixtures of humates, plus a carbamide-ammonia mixture, in different phases of vegetation has been established. A yield increase of 10.0%–21.4% resulting from the use of such compositions was obtained.

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<p>An investigation of the effects of UV-C radiation from source having the power of 20 W on improvement of seed quality of Ukrainian winter wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum </em>L.) six cultivars: ‘Gratsіia Myronivska’, ‘Trudivnytsia Myronivska’, ‘Vezha Myronivska’, ‘Mudrist Odeska’, ‘Nyva Odeska’ and ‘Lira Odeska’, has been done. In the performed experiment the UV-C irradiation in the range of 50-1000 J m^-2 was applied. Based on the experimental results it is concluded that irradiation of UV-C on wheat seeds stimulated the seed vigour and germination. It has been established the optimal irradiation dose of UV-C radiation - 250 J m^-2 for ‘Trudіvnitsia Myronіvska’, ‘Mudrіst Odeska’, ‘Nyva Odeska’, ‘Lіra Odeska’ cultivars and 500 J m^-2 for ‘Hratsіia Myronіvska’ and ‘Vezha Myronіvska’ cultivars, which leads to maximum effect. The highest biometric indices of seedling structural elements were obtained from the seeds of all wheat cultivars, for which the values of seed vigour and germination were also maximum ones, i.e. at the same irradiation dose.</p>

The purpose of the research was to develop and scientifically substantiate the system of nutrition of winter triticale crops to optimize their production process and increase plant productivity in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine. The highest number of grains in the ear of the main and lateral stems of winter triticale was in the variants where foliar nutrition with a mixture of carbamide, magnesium sulfate and complex fertilizer Ferkrystal Summum during the 31st and 39th microphases and the variants where the third foliar nutrition during the 73-th microphase on the background of root application of ammonium nitrate at a dose of 150 kg/ha was conducted. In these variants, the number of grains in the ear on average over the years and variants for pre-sowing fertilization was 40.6 and 40.0 pieces, respectively, which is 11.2 and 11.5%, respectively, more than in the control. Carrying out three foliar nutrition with a mixture of carbamide, magnesium sulfate and complex fertilizer Fercrystal Summum on the background of root nutrition of ammonium nitrate during the 22nd microphase provided an increase in grain weight from the ear and lateral stems of winter triticale compared to the control (application of ammonium nitrate at the dose of 150 kg/ha on frozen thawed soil) by 0.24 and 0.23 g, respectively, or by 14.8 and 15.4%. The studied variants of pre-sowing application of mineral fertilizers significantly affected the parameters of productive plant stand (the number of plants and lateral productive stems), while nutrition provided significant changes in the parameters of grain productivity of winter triticale plants.On the basis of the researches, during winter triticale cultivation, the farms in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine are recommended to carry out pre-sowing application of ammophos (N 12 P 52 ), to apply ammonium nitrate (N 50 ) for roots in the 22nd microphase in spring and carry out two foliar nutrition in the 31st and 39th microphases with a mixture of carbamide (N 10 ), hepatic magnesium sulfate (1.5 kg/ha) and complex water-soluble fertilizer Ferkrystal Summum.

Aim. To study the impact of complex preparations, containing humic, fulvic and ulmic acids in combination with herbicides and nitrogen fertilizers, on winter wheat yield. Methods. Field, laboratory, statistical methods. Results. The impact of herbicides with different active substances and their mixtures with humic preparations Humifi eld and Foliar concentrate on weed infestation and productivity of Kryzhynka winter variety was investigated. It was determined that the application of herbicide Prima (400 g/ha) and the mixture of preparations Triger (25 g/ha) + Tomigan (0.5 l/ha) in combination with humic preparation Humifi eld in the dose of 200 g/ha had practically no impact on the crop productivity. A considerable increase in the yield, for instance, by 15.6–20.3 %, was observed in case of spraying the fi elds with the same preparation forms of herbicides in the tank mixture with humic stimulator 4R Foliar concentrate in the dose of 2.0 kg/ha. The application of humates in combination with nitrogen fertilizers with the purpose of optimizing the nutrition system for winter wheat via their introduction superfi cially and by spraying the leaf-stem mass of plants was studied. It was demonstrated that the application of the growth regulator 5R SoilBoost in the amount of 11 kg/ha in the mixture with 200 kg/ha of ammonia nitrate led to the increase of productivity for Smuhlianka and Slavna varieties by 11.2 and 8.5 % respectively, and double foliar application of 4R Foliar concentrate (2+2 kg/ha) in the mixture with ammonia nitrate – by 15.5 %. The maximal increase in productivity by 20–23 % was obtained after combined application of humic stimulators 5R SoilBoost (11 kg/ha) and 4R Foliar concentrate (2+2 kg/ha) on the background of ammonia nitrate (200 kg/ha of physical weight). The effi ciency of foliar fertilization for wheat fi elds of Kubus and Mulan varieties using the mixtures of humates and carbamide-ammonia mixture in different phases of crop development was analyzed. The application of such combinations also promoted the productivity increase by 10.0–21.4 %. Conclusions. The increase in productivity of Kryzhynka winter wheat variety by 0.64–0.84 t/ha was determined after spraying crop fi elds with the tank mixture of herbicides and humic stimulator 4R Foliar concentrate in the dose of 2.0 kg/ha. The effi ciency of optimizing the nutrition system of plants via separate or combined application of humic preparations, in particular, granulated 5R SoilBoost (11 kg/ha), superfi cially, and 4R Foliar concentrate (2 kg/ha+2 kg/ ha) in case of foliar fertilization for fi elds in different phases of crop development on the background of early spring introduction of ammonia nitrate (200 kg/ha) to frozen-thawed soil was proven. The increase in wheat productivity was observed in all variants of applying these mixtures. However, the maximal increase in the winter wheat yield was obtained due to the fertilization technology, envisaging the use of humates 5R SoilBoost and 4R Foliar concentrate on the background of ammonia nitrate. There was a noted increase in grain productivity of winter wheat varieties Kubus and Mulan by 0.50–0.94 and 0.41–1.08 t/ha respectively in case of superfi cial introduction of humic preparation 5R SoilBoost (11 kg/ha) and foliar fertilization of wheat fi elds with 4R Foliar concentrate (2+2 kg/ha) in combination with carbamide-ammonia mixture (200 + 100 kg/ha).