No abstract

The article provides information about the effect of different doses of the  bioactive additive Lamarin Saldonum on the morphological parameters and immunobiochemical status of highly productive cows. The experiment involved 40 mature cows of the black-and-white Holstein breed, divided into three experimental and one control groups, with a milk yield of 7,500 kg of milk for the previous completed lactation. It is found that the use of biologically active additive from Japanese kelp and milk thistle in the rations of highly productive cows stimulates redox reactions occurring in the body of animals, which is confirmed by an increase in the level of hemoglobin in their blood by 3.92-8.63% in the first and second months of lactation,  and also in increase the number of red blood cells – by 4.47-9.17% in comparison with the control group. The positive effect of the studied supplement on the immunological parameters of animals, their protein and carbohydrate metabolism was also established, what is expressed in an increase in the level of total protein by 7.66-19.15%, it's albumin and globulin fractions by 11.15-16.91% and 15.40-25.03%, the amount of glucose by 19.12-29.60%, and level of total immunoglobulins by 7.66-13.51%, as well as in a decrease in the values of alaninaminotransferase by 12.83-20.99% and total bilirubin by 25.09-43.54% in comparison with the indicators of animals in the control group.  The best action of the additive is shown when it is used for 60 days in doses of 0.2 and 0.3 g/kg of body weight.

The experiment was conducted on the basis of the agricultural production cooperative kolkhoz "Iskra" (Kirov region) in 40 highly productive cows of black-motley Holstein zed breed, which were divided by the method of paired analogues into 4 groups of 10 heads. The influence of the biologically active additive Lamarin Saldonum on the reproductive function and the milk productivity of cows was studied. The animals of the experimental groups were given the additive daily in doses of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 g per 1 kg of live weight for 30 days before calving during 60 days. It has been established that Lamarin Saldonum does not negatively affect the duration of pregnancy, while it helps to reduce the number of generic and postpartum diseases. In cows of the experimental groups retention of placenta was registered 10-20 % less often and the development of postpartum endometritis was observed 10-30 % less often. It was also found that in the animals of the experimental groups the indifferent period was reduced by 8.13-14.49 %, the number of days from calving to fruitful insemination was decreased by 30.51-53.82 days, the number of days of infertility was reduced by 33.63-59.37 % compared to intact animals. The cows of the second experimental group showed the best milk productivity, where the gross milk yield exceeded the values of the control group in the first month of lactation by 19.63 %, in the second - by 13.43 %, in the third - by 39.87 %. The need for additional studies to determine the effective dose of the additive Lamarin Saldonum, which will have a stimulating effect on the reproductive function of high-productive cows, has been established.

Presently, the use of plant components with antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory effects is of particular interest for the preparation of biologically active additives in animal husbandry. Of great biological value as components of herbal supplements are Japanese kelp (Laminaria japonica) and spotted milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L). Gaertn), a wide range of biological action of which is due to the rich chemical composition. The uniqueness of spotted milk thistle lies in the content of silymarin − flavolignan with pronounced hepatoprotective properties, used throughout the world for the manufacture of medicines with a pronounced hepatoprotective effect. Another feature of milk thistle is its rich macro- and microelement composition, which, among other things, includes such a rare essential element as selenium (22.90 mg per 1 g of seeds), the deficiency of which in food and feed leads to the development of endemic microelementoses in humans and animals. The biological feature of Japanese laminaria is the presence in its composition of alginic acid, its salts, mannitol, laminarin and fucoidan, which have immunomodulating, antimicrobial, antacid, antiallergic and hemostatic activity, as well as a large number of minerals (26.6-32.9 % by weight of dry matter) and vitamins. Laminaria japonica thallus are rich in organic iodine, the content of which in the extracts amounts to 5.4 mg/g, which is important in the conditions of iodine deficiency, which is present at the most territory of Russia and the world. At the same time, the problem of the use of these plants as dietary supplements for animals is still under study. There is very little data on the effect of each plant on the productivity of farm animals and the quality of their products, and no information about their joint use has been obtained yet.

В статье представлена оценка морфо-биохимических показателей крови коров в динамике за 50 дней лактации на фоне использования в рационе комплекса биологически активных веществ (БАВ) с антиоксидантными свойствами, включающего следующие компоненты: сера кормовая, магний, медь, марганец, цинк, селен, витамины A, E, H, C и янтарная кислота. Опыт проведен на двух возрастных группах новотельных коров: 2-4 лактации, 5 и более лактаций. Проанализировано влияние исследуемого комплекса на характер течения инволюционных процессов в половых органах новотельных коров и последующую нормализацию воспроизводительной функции. Отмечено, что включение в рацион опытных групп комплекса БАВ способствовало сокращению количества лейкоцитов за исследуемый период с 7,11 до 5.61×10 9 /л (21%) в первой опытной группе и с 6,60 до 6,33×10 9 /л (4%) во второй, а также снижению активности аспартатаминотрансферазы с 115,00 до 72,50 Ед/л (36%) и с 79,33 до 60,33 Ед/л (24%) в первой и второй опытных группах соответственно, что в дальнейшем положительно отразилось на показателях воспроизводства. Продолжительность периода от отела до первого осеменения была на 3,7 и 6,7 дня короче в сравнении с контролем в первой и второй опытных группах соответственно. Лучший результат по оплодотворяемости животных достигнут в опытной группе коров 2-4 лактации, где сокращение сервис-периода и интервала между отелами составило 41 и 44,7 дней соответственно.