Рецидивирующая обструкция бронхов и бронхиальная астма у детей первых пяти лет жизни Н. А. ИвановаВоенно-медицинская академия им. С. М. Кирова, Санкт-Петербург, Россия Recurrent bronchial obstruction and asthma in children during the first five years of life N. A. IvanovaKirov Military Medical Academy, Saint-Petersburg, Russia Высокая частота рецидивирующей обструкции бронхов у детей раннего и дошкольного возраста обусловлена как мор-фофункциональными особенностями респираторного тракта у детей данной возрастной группы, так и высокой частотой острых респираторных инфекций. Диагностика бронхиальной астмы у детей до пяти лет представляет объективные трудно-сти. Не у всех детей с рецидивирующей вирусиндуцированной обструкцией развивается в дальнейшем бронхиальная астма. Тем не менее использование анализа семейного и личного аллергологического анамнеза, особенностей клинических про-явлений заболевания, ответа на противовоспалительную терапию (при наличии показаний) позволяет установить диагноз бронхиальной астмы в любом возрасте и назначить базисную терапию в соответствии со степенью тяжести заболевания. Ключевые слова: дети до пяти лет, рецидивирующая обструкция бронхов, бронхиальная астма. 61: 5: 64-69. DOI: 10.21508/1027 61: 5: 64-69. DOI: 10.21508/ -4065-2016 The high rate of recurrent bronchial obstruction in toddlers and preschoolers is due to both the morphofunctional characteristics of the respiratory tract in these age groups and the high incidence of acute respiratory infections. The diagnosis of asthma presents objective difficulties in children aged less than 5 years. Not all children with recurrent virus-induced obstruction can further develop asthma. Nevertheless, an analysis of a family and personal history of allergy, the clinical manifestations of the disease, and a response to anti-inflammatory therapy, if indicated, can diagnose asthma at any age and use basic therapy in relation to the severity of the disease. Для цитирования: Иванова Н. А. Рецидивирующая обструкция бронхов и бронхиальная астма у детей первых пяти лет жизни. Рос вестн пе-ринатол и педиатр

The study of freshwater phytoplankton of the Samotlor field is associated with intense oil production and fragmentary reports on the state of wetland communities in the north of Western Siberia. The obtained data expands and complements the information about algae in extreme conditions. The goal of this research is to study the structure of the phytoplankton of high-latitude water bodies under oil pollution. The method of chemical-analytical studies in surface waters revealed excess standards in 2-62 times. By the amount of ammonium nitrogen, the studied water bodies are classified as polluted and very polluted. The amount of sulfates, nitrates, and phosphates in all water samples is lower than the standard MPCfw. During the microscopic examination, 88 algae from 48 genera, 29 families, 10 classes and 7 divisions were found. The basis of the floristic composition consists of Bacillariophyta, Euglenophyta and Chlorophyta. One dominant species (Kolbe-Visloukh method) and seven subdominants were identified. The most successful algae in plankton make up 4.5%. The analytical review showed the predominance of planktonic algae, which are indifferent to salinity and pH, cosmopolitan and ?-mesosaprobic in terms of saprobity. According to the data obtained, a significant deviation of parameters in the chemical composition of water, as well as in the structure dominants, and abundance of phytoplankton from the regional norm, was identified. Phytoplankton under oil pollution is poor in composition, and a significant number of large taxa with a small number of species emphasizes the complexity of the fluorogenic processes in the waters of the Samotlor field. The materials can be applied in a comprehensive study of water bodies, their typological characteristics, in the organization of environmental monitoring and the development of measures to protect aquatic ecosystems from pollution and eutrophication.

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The urgency of the research involves the need to define the procedure for determinationof the region belonging in the system of the regional economic security; depending on thepresented identifier (cluster).The development of discriminative models of the regionauthentication is expedient to define its belonging to particular category of the regionaleconomic security. The objective of this article is to develop the mathematical models ofthe region authentication in relation to the status of their economic security using thediscriminant analysis. The region identification cluster is the indicator of grouping. Thearticle rationalizes the expediency of using the method of discriminant analysis whileresearching the regional economic security according to data of social and economicdevelopment of the region. As a result of clustering of regions by social and economicdevelopment, three statuses of the regional economic security were defined: “good”,“sufficient” and “satisfactory”. The classification functions of authentication of the regionas the object of anti-crisis management for ensuring the regional economic security weredeveloped for the specified classes by method of discriminant analysis. The evaluation ofaccuracy of the obtained functions indicates the expediency of their using. In addition, thearticle describes the authentication procedure of the region as the object of anti-crisismanagement for ensuring the regional economic security. The application ofmultidimensional statistical methods while researching the multi-criteria economicsystems, such as socio - economic development of the region, allows exploring a largenumber of indicators with different measurement units, to identify the homogeneity ofsystem objects. As a result of application of the discriminant analysis’ method, theclassification functions of authentication of the region as the object of anti-crisismanagement for ensuring the regional economic security were developed.

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