The present investigation was aimed in determining the antibacterial activity of Clitoria ternatea that experiencing water stress treatment which comprises of positive control (watered normally for every 24 hours), negative control (no presence of water) and a treatment where C. ternatea receive water for every 48 hours. Agar disk diffusion assay had been utilized in order to investigate the measurement of zone of inhibition based on the methanolic leaf extract of C. ternatea for each treatment. Plus, calculation had been done for total phenolic content and total flavonoid content, to correlate between the length of inhibition zone. The results show that there is no presence of inhibition zone for all treatments which might be due to the low potency of the methanolic leaf extract, 0.02g/ml. C. ternatea that undergo every 48 hours of water presence hold the highest amount of total phenolic content whilst C. ternatea that encountered negative control of treatment possess the high amount of total flavonoid content. High quantity of phenolic and flavonoid content can be related with high amount of antioxidant capacity.

The seeds of Clitoria ternatea and Momordica charantia were subjected to seven pre-sowing treatments, i.e., control (T0), peeled coat and soaked in 5 oC for 24 hours (T1), peeled coat and soaked in 37 oC for 24 hours (T2), peeled coat and soaked in 5 oC for 48 hours (T3), peeled coat and soaked in 37 oC for 48 hours (T4), peeled coat and soaked in 5 oC for 48 hours (T5), peeled coat and soaked in 37 oC for 72 hours (T6). The study revealed that peeling the coat and soaking seeds in water for various temperatures and periods improved seed germination. The highest germination and germination energy percentage of C. ternatea were observed in T2, namely 94.95% and 23.69%, respectively, while the lowest germination (0%) and germination energy (0%) was found in T6. The highest germination and germination energy percentage of M. charantia, namely 64.38%, and 16.10%, respectively, were found in T3, while the lowest germination (10.67%) and germination energy (2.17%) were observed in T0. The germination may vary for both seeds used in the study as C. ternatea and M. charantia are different in type. The pre-sowing treatments of seeds would prove its potential in the practical fields.

This research is about the ethnobotanical studies of the natural color used by Temuan community in three different villages around Taman Negara Johor Gunung Ledang which are Kampung Sungai Air Tawas, Kampung Tanah Gembur, and Kampung Sungai Mersing. This study aims to document the information about plants used by the aboriginal community which act as natural colorants for future references. Semi-structured questionnaires were given to the community during the interview. The plants used by them as natural colorants were recorded. The plant sample was taken during the interview with Temuan community for the preparation of herbarium specimen. It was found that Curcuma longa is the most used plant for natural yellow color by the community. Besides that, Pandanus amaryllifolius and Lawsonia inermis have high citation frequency for the most used plant for natural green and orange color. This concludes that our environment is equipped with natural resources that are beneficial to human respectively and this traditional knowledge of natural colors must be preserved but also should be disseminated to other people for greater appreciation.

The effect of different growing media on the growth performance was tested for Clinacanthus nutans (Sabah snake grass). Five different growth media including T1: soil, T2: soil: coco peat (2:1), T3: soil: peat moss (2:1), T4: soil: coco peat (3:1) and T5: soil: peat moss (3:1) were used for growing Clinacanthus nutans. Height of the plants (cm), number of leaves, number of side branches, length of side branches (cm), root length (cm) and root weight (g) were determined. The chemical properties of each growth medium, including pH, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were also determined. The aimed of this study was to measure the growth rate of Clinacanthus nutans affected by the different growing media. The findings of this study showed the height of the plants (cm), number of leaves, length of side branches (cm), root length (cm) and root weight (g) were affected significantly when the plants were grown in soil mix with peat moss in T3. The finding of this study showed that the increased of nutrient in the growth media can be useful in the growth performance of the Clinacanthus nutans.

This study is about the development of the herbal bath bag during postpartum care. Herbal bathing important for mother because it can fresh mother’s body and gave a therapy during that period. Lack of knowledge about the herbal bathing is the main factor on why this study was conducted. The objectives for this study are to formulate the plant remedies to be used in the 2 in1 mini pocket herbal bath bag production, to investigate the phytochemical that presence in the formulation and determine the presence of anti-bacterial properties in the plant extract based on the formulation and to develop 2 in 1 mini pocket herbal bath bag for traditional herbal bath based on traditional knowledge from the Temuan community in Taman Negara Gunung Ledang. This study focused on two different plant which are Annona muricata (durian belanda) and Psidium guajava (jambu batu). Both plants were used during postpartum care for herbal bathing by indigenous people. Moreover, the plant part used was the leaves. There are five formulation of the plant that a based on the Design Expert software. Basically, this study consists of two tests which are phytochemical screening and antibacterial testing. Phytochemical screening included terpenoids, steroid, flavonoid, quinone and alkaloids test. The result showed that formulation 3 has higher numbers of phytochemical presence which are flavonoid, terpenoid and quinone. In addition, formulation 3 also have higher number of means ± std for result anti-bacterial activity. As a conclusion, the three objectives were successful achieved and formulation 3 was chosen to develop the herbal bath bag.