The authors conclude that (i) sclerotherapy is the ideal, safe and effective treatment for bleeding esophageal varices, that it prevented bleeding in 88.1% patients after variceal eradication and hence, should be included in primary management strategies; (ii) follow-up endoscopy should be performed on a yearly basis for the first 4 years after variceal eradication; and (iii) surgery is required as a complementary technique for patients with uncontrolled bleeding, painful splenomegaly, growth retardation and symptomatic portal biliopathy.

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In patients with bleeding peptic ulcers, the use of high dose pantoprazole infusion following successful endoscopic therapy is effective in reducing rebleeding, transfusion requirements and hospital stay.

A new high input impedance filter employing three current feedback amplifiers (CFAs) and six passive elements, three of them are grounded, is presented. The proposed circuit offers the following advantages: simultaneous realization of lowpass (LP), bandpass (BP) and highpass (HP) filtering functions, employs two grounded capacitors, exhibits high input and low output impedances which permits easy cascade connection, low passive sensitivity figures and orthogonal control of resonance frequency (ωo) and bandwidth (ωo/Q). PSPICE simulation results are given to verify the theoretical calculations.

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