Morphological comparison of populations of Chironomus (Camptochironomus) tentans (Fabricius) from Europe, Asia and North America has confirmed earlier cytogenetic evidence that two distinct species inhabit the Palearctic and the Nearctic under this name. The Palearctic species is the true C. tentans, whereas Nearctic populations constitute a new species described here under the name Chironomus (Camptochironomus) dilutus. Descriptions of the larva, pupa and adult male of both species are presented, and the taxonomic structure of the subgenus Camptochironomus is examined.
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