The objective of our study is to introduce practical doctor to compression neuropathy of the peroneal nerve in the peroneal tunnel and prove the need for timely detection and referral of patients with fibular neuropathy, if there are indications, for surgical treatment. We have considered examples of modern diagnostics and treatment of entrapment neuropathy of the peroneal nerve in the peroneal tunnel, moreover, we presented clinical cases. In the period of 2011–2022 29 patients (19 women and 10 men) with entarpment neuropathy of the peroneal nerve were examined on the base of the Clinical and Diagnostic Center of the I. Kant Baltic Federal University (Kaliningrad, Russia) and the Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Kaliningrad Regional Clinical Hospital (Kaliningrad, Russia). Ultrasonography was performed on a APLIO 500 company Tochiba (Japan) sensor Canon PLT 1204 BT 38 mm (5–18 MHz) and convex sensor CANONPVT-375 SC (1.5–6.0 MHz), as well as on the device ACUSON S 2000 Siemens (USA) with sensor 18L6 HD (5.5–18.0 MHz). Electromyography (EMG) was performed on the VIASYS Healthcare Neurocare (USA). The age of the patients ranged from 18 to 78 years old. All patients have been decompression, revision, neurolysis (5 endoneurolysis) of the peroneal nerve in the peroneal tunnel. 26 patients has excellent results, 2 patient has good, 1 patient has poor results of treatment.