The results of the study of 30 flax samples of different ecological and geographical origin from the collection of the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) are presented. The varieties of the Russian selection 14, Chinese 6, Ukrainian 5, French 4, Belarusian 1 have been investigated. The influence of genotypes and weather conditions on the manifestation of economic traits by multivariate analysis of variance has been established. Field studies were conducted in the sub taiga zone of the Tomsk region in 2015-2017. Natural and climatic conditions met the requirements for the cultivation of fiber flax. By total and technical stem length the best varieties of the Chinese selection Heiya 4 (K-8485), Sxy 7 (K-8689), the Russian hybrid Tomsk 16 * Success (K-8544), the French variety Drakkar (K-8493), the Ukrainian Glazur (K-8695), 66-72 and 60-66 cm respectively, were significantly higher than the standard Tomsk 16. According to the fiber content in the technical part of the stems (38-40%) the following varieties were the leaders: the Russian selection P-3989 (K-8672), A-236 (K-8692), M-249 (K-8693), the French selection Alizee (K-8494), Agatha (K-8492), Melina (K-8495), and the Ukrainian selection Vruchy (K-8694), were significantly above the Tomsk 16 standard. By the fiber mass (91-104 mg) the French varieties Drakkar (K-8493) and Alizee (K-8494), the Ukrainian varieties Vruchii (K-8694) and Glazur (K8695), the Russian varieties A-236 (K-8692) and M-249 (K-8693) reliably exceeded the Tomsk 16 standard by 6-44 mg. The flax varieties of the Russian selection P-3989 (K-8672), Dobrynya (K8504), A-236 (K-8692), the Chinese Heiya 4 (K-8485), Heiya 13 (K-8486), Tyy 13 (K-8687), the French Agatha (K-8492), Drakkar (K-8493), Alizee (K-8494), Melina (K-8495), and the Ukrainian Gladiator (K-8505) and Vruchiy (K-8694) were recognized as promising and were included in the breeding process as male seed parents. The resulting hybrid material has been on trial in the selection nursery from 2017 and the second year of breeding from 2021.

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The paper presents the results of creating a material for obtaining an early ripening variety of fiber flax for cultivation in Siberia, characterized by high-quality fiber and a high degree of adaptability to external environmental factors, resistance to lodging and diseases. Twelve promising hybrids were studied, the maternal lines of which were represented by Tomsk varieties Tomskiy 16, Tomskiy 17, Tomskiy 18 and TOST 5, and the paternal lines – by Belgian selection varieties Marilyn, Suzanne and Hermes. Field studies were carried out in the subtaiga zone of Tomsk region and were preceded by spring and winter grain crops. Natural and climatic conditions corresponded to the needs of fiber flax for the cultivation of early and mid-ripening varieties. The resulting hybrid material was sown from 2013 in a selection nursery by pit planting on a specially prepared soil with a feeding area of 2.5 × 2.5 cm. In 2017–2019 hybrid lines were kept in nurseries of the second and third years of breeding. The hybrid lines’ potential was studied during the years which were different by meteorological conditions. Based on the results of this work, three tall hybrids were identified that had statistically significant differences with Tomskiy 16 standard and exceeded it by 5.8–7.6 cm in total height and 4.4–9.5 cm in the technical length of the stem. Nine hybrids showed high fiber content, exceeding the standard by 2.8-4.2%. These promising hybrid lines of fiber flax are recommended for use in the breeding process for high rates of maturity, productivity, fiber quality, adaptability to external environmental factors and resistance to lodging and diseases.

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