163 patients undergoing emergency cesarean section were prospectively and randomized evaluated to determine the effect of mezlocillin in reducing postoperative morbidity. We compared a single 5-gram preoperative dose and a perioperative 3-dose regimen, each of 2 g, with a placebo. Postoperative morbidity was reduced from 65% in the placebo group to 20% in the groups receiving mezlocillin (p < 0.005). The incidences of febrile morbidity, endometritis and urinary tract infection were all significantly lower in both groups given mezlocillin. There was no difference in the reduction of morbidity between the two groups receiving mezlocillin. The main advantages of the prophylaxis included a shorter hospitalization and the absence of serious infections in the treated groups.

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