Cervical cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in developing countries, and the human papillomavirus (HPV) is linked etiologically to cervical cancer. Eighty nine cervical carcinoma biopsies collected from women visiting the Oncologic Center in Casablanca (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ibn Rochd, Morocco) for cervical cancer symptoms, were screened for HPV DNA by polymerase chain reaction amplification with subsequent typing by hybridization with specific oligonucleotides for HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, and 59. Using very high stringency hybridization the HPV types could be easily distinguished. After preliminary clinical sorting, 92% (82/89) of the samples were found to be HPV-positive. Among the samples infected by a single HPV, type 16 was the most frequent 36.6% (30/82) of the positive samples, followed by HPV 18; 19.5% (16/82). Double or even multiple infections by the different HPV types were also detected (35.5% of the positive samples); dual infections were the more frequent, with the following combinations of HPVs: HPV16/HPV18 (21% of the positives samples) and HPV16/HPV45 (8.5%).
Aberrant methylation of tumor suppressor gene promoters has been extensively investigated in cervical cancer. Transcriptional silencing, as a main consequence of hypermethylation of CpG islands, is the predominant mechanism of p16 INK4a and E-cadherin gene inactivation in malignant epithelial tumors. This study was conducted to evaluate the promoter methylation status of p16 INK4a and E-cadherin genes in 22 specimens of cervical carcinomas, four cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa, SiHa, Caski, C33A), and 20 human papillomavirus negative specimens, obtained from normal cervical swabs, using the methylation-specific PCR approach. Hypermethylation of the 5′ CpG island of the p16 INK4a and E-cadherin genes were found in 13 (59.1%) and 10 (45.5%) of 22 cervical cancer samples, respectively. Furthermore, our findings did not show any correlation between promoter methylation of p16 INK4a and E-cadherin genes and clinicopathological parameters, including HPV infection, phenotypic distribution, and stage of the disease. However, hypermethylation of E-cadherin gene promoter appears to be age related in cervical cancer, whereas the frequency of aberrant methylation of p16 INK4a gene promoter is unchanged according to the age of patients. Thus, caution must be made to use these markers in the diagnosis of cervical cancer. However, dietary or pharmaceutical agents that can inhibit these epigenetic events may prevent or delay the development of cervical cancer.
Le cancer du sein chez l'homme est une affection rare représentant environ 1% de tous les cancers du sein et moins de 1% de l'ensemble des néoplasies masculines. L'objectif de notre étude est de décrire les différents aspects cliniques, histologique, pronostic et thérapeutiques de cette tumeur rare afin de contribuer à l'amélioration de la prise en charge de cette affection. Il s'agit d'une étude rétrospective portant sur 40 patients colligés au Centre Mohamed VI pour le traitement des cancers de Casablanca de Janvier 2000 à Décembre 2012. L'âge médian a été de 62 ans, le délai moyen de consultation a été de 12 mois, l'autopalpation d'un nodule péri aréolaire a été le principal motif de consultation dans 90% des cas. Le carcinome canalaire infiltrant a été le type histologique prédominant dans 90% des cas. La prise en charge thérapeutique multimodale a consisté en une mastectomie suivie d'un traitement adjuvant à type de chimiothérapie, radiothérapie et/ou hormonothérapie en fonction du stade de la tumeur et des caractéristiques histologiques. Le suivi moyen a été de 38 mois, l'évolution a été caractérisée par une rémission complète chez 16 patients (soit 40%), rechute locale chez 3 patients (soit 7.5%) et par une rechute métastatique chez 5 patients (soit 12.5%). Le site métastatique le plus fréquent a été l'os (62%), suivi par le poumon et le foie. Le décès était survenu chez 10 patients (25%). Le cancer du sein chez l'homme présente des similitudes avec le cancer mammaire chez la femme. Mais il présente aussi beaucoup de particularités, d'où l'intérêt de mener des études prospectives randomisés à plus large échelle afin d'améliorer la prise en charge et le pronostic de cette affection dont l'impact psychosociale est considérable.
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