The problem of studying apoptosis and its relations with various diseases is relevant in both biology and medicine. Apoptosis is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon, which arose in the course of evolution since the emergence of multicellular organisms and serves to regulate the natural balance between the birth and death of cells being a necessary condition for the maintenance of homeostasis, and in this way establishes certain relations between individual cells in the whole organism. Due to these relations cells enter different stages of the life cycle: division, growth, development, differentiation, aging and death. Apoptosis is a common general biological mechanism responsible not only for maintaining constant number of cells, forming, culling of defective cells, but also for the development of various pathological conditions of individual cells, systems, and body as a whole.

The papir results of research of biochemical parameters in whey of blood of albino rats in conditions of influence of an external irradiation in a doze 0,5 and 1 Gy are submitted. The analysis of dependence of various biochemical parameters from a doze and time of an external irradiation is lead.

Molecular genetics researches have great value for understanding of an origin of illnesses and their mechanisms. Modern genetic technologies have given a new impulse in the decision of problems of treatment of hereditary illnesses and diseases of the multifactorial nature. One of actual problems of modern medicine is finding-out of molecular genetics bases of hereditary predisposition to cardiovascular diseases. The review is devoted to questions of the importance of carrying out molecular biology researches for studying a cardiovascular pathology.

The molecular basis of hereditary pathology is now the most studied problem of medical and molecular genetics. The recent research shows that not only genetic factors may determine the development of pathological process, but also the so-called epigenetic factors including genetic and nongenetic changes in the expression of specific genes without corresponding structural changes in its nucleotide sequence. The role of the epigenetic regulation of gene activity based on abnormal methylation is assigned as one of the genetic causes of many cancers. Methylation is one of DNA modifications leading to a change in its structural and functional status, which variety of biological processes makes it subject of great interest for the study of the influence of the genome methylation on the fundamental processes in living cells.

Basic researches in genetics provide progress of medicine. The genetic approach allows get closer to understanding of biological essence of diseases, and data obtained at such approach create base for the further development of theoretical, clinical and preventive medicine. Molecular-genetic methods in diagnostics of illnesses today is а big and various group of methods of the variations intended for revealing in structure of а gene. The importance of molecular diagnostics is obvious to medicine is both early revealing of illness and choice of adequate treatment; treatment bу а preparation which is considered safe and effective оn the basis of molecular diagnostics; integration of molecular diagnostics and therapy; monitoring of treatment and definition of the forecast.