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One of the important tasks facing agriculture is to increase the production of high quality grain. It is known knowledge that the variety is a dynamic biological factor capable of realizing its genetic potential with a different combination of environmental factors and can act as a biological foundation for the production of high quality grain. The forecrop in modern agriculture acts as an independent factor in increasing grain yield and quality. The purpose of the current study was to estimate protein and gluten content in grain of winter bread wheat varieties of intensive type when sown after maize for grain and sunflower in the conditions of the Rostov region. The objects of the study were 9 winter bread wheat varieties of the intensive type developed in the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy”. The study was carried out in the fields of the department of winter wheat breeding and seed production in 2018–2020. There were identified the varieties that formed the largest percentage of protein in grain on average over the years of study. They were the varieties ‘Etyud’, ‘Yubiley Dona’ and ‘Shef’ (12.44–13.06%) sown after maize for grain, and the varieties ‘Rubin Dona’, ‘Shef’ and ‘Zodiak’ (14.09–14.33%) sown after sunflower. There have been identified the varieties ‘Zodiak’ and ‘Yubiley Dona’ with the largest amount of gluten in grain on average over the years of study. They produced 24.63%, 25.53%, respectively after maize for grain; after sunflower they produced 28.20%, 27.66%, respectively. The results of two-way analysis of variance proved a greater effect of the factor ‘forecrop’ on protein and gluten content in grain of winter bread wheat than the effect of the factor ‘variety’ and their correlation.

The study of grain quality at all stages of a variety development, starting with the selection of parental pairs, is the most important condition for the efficiency of breeding. The purpose of the current paper was to estimate winter wheat samples according to the main criteria of grain quality and to select promising ones for further use in the breeding process. The study was carried out in 2019–2021. There were studied new varieties and promising lines of winter bread wheat from the main Competitive Variety Testing, according to green manure fallow. Criteria characterizing grain quality were determined in the laboratory conditions in accordance with methodology and GOSTs. Based on the conducted study, there were identified sources that were characterized by a high severity of grain quality traits. According to ‘grain unit’, there were distinguished such varieties as ‘Matritsa’, ‘Rubin Dona’ and the lines ‘1043/17’ and ‘1582/166’. According to the general kernel hardness there were identified such samples as ‘Matritsa’, ‘Priazovie’ and the line ‘1582/16’. The samples and lines ‘Ermak’, ‘Razdolie’, ‘Rubin Dona’, ‘Matritsa’, ‘Priazovie’, ‘1582/16’, ‘1043/17’, ‘1295/18’, ‘1431/18’, ‘1463/18’, ‘1518/18’, ‘1612/18’ and ‘1895/18’ corresponded to good quality according to SDS-sedimentation. The sample ‘1463/18’ was characterized by a high protein percentage in grain (15.02 %). There were also studied a quantity and quality of gluten, falling number and baking properties. The varieties ‘Rubin Dona’, ‘Matritsa’, ‘Priazovie’ and the lines ‘1582/16’, ‘1463/18’ were characterized by the best expression of the studied traits of quality. These genotypes can be used in the breeding process as sources of high protein and gluten percentage in grain and good baking properties.

Изложены результаты изучения нового сорта люцерны изменчивой Голубка, приведено его морфо-биологическое описание. Сегодня сорт-это главный источник для производства энергии насыщенных кормов, носитель определенных хозяйственно-ценных признаков. Для каждого региона необходимо иметь сорта, способные реализовать почвенно-климатические условия зоны, обладающие устойчивостью к различным проявлениям в ней стресс-факторов. Учитывая это и разнообразие почвенноклиматических условий Ростовской области, работа направлена на создание сортов, способных наиболее эффективно использовать биоклиматические ресурсы региона. Основное направление селекции лаборатории многолетних трав-создание сортов сенокосного и пастбищного использования с урожайностью кормовой массы, семенной продуктивностью, устойчивостью к основным болезням и неблагоприятным факторам среды. Исследования проводили методом создания сложногибридных популяций на основе биотипов, полученных многократным отбором по кормовой и семенной продуктивности. Люцерна изменчивая Голубка обеспечивала урожайность зеленой массы 31,0, сбор сухого вещества-9,3 и урожайность семян-0,22 т/га. По урожайности зеленой массы сорт Голубка превышал стандартный сорт Ростовская 90 на 7,6%, по сбору сухого вещества-на 6,9%, по урожайности семян-на 11%. В зеленой массе содержалось 21,0-21,8% сырого протеина и 30-32% клетчатки. Новый сорт люцерны Голубка выделялся большим (на 7,6%) сбором кормовых единиц и сырого протеина (9,0%) с 1 га. В 1 кг сухого вещества сорта Голубка, хотя и незначительно, но выше, чем у стандарта, было содержание обменной энергии (10,4 МДж/кг) и переваримого протеина (153 г/кг), а также кормовая единица была лучше обеспечена переваримым протеином (187 г/к. е.).