One of the urgent problems of modern pediatrics is to assess the value of adequate calcium intake to ensure the skeleton strength and the formation of tooth resistance to caries in children and adolescents. This article is aimed at providing generalized data on the prevention of calcium deficiency in children and adolescents. The physiology of calcium metabolism and vitamin D regulatory role are discussed. The article describes non-pharmacological and pharmacological methods for the prevention and correction of calcium deficiency in children and adolescents. It also indicates the use of calcium salts in insufficient calcium content in the diet, somatic pathology, as well as with an increase in the need for minerals during periods of intensive growth. The article discusses the differences between organic (citrate, lactate, and calcium gluconate) and inorganic calcium salts (calcium phosphate and carbonate), as well as between liquid and solid forms. The benefits of liquid forms should be considered a uniform particle distribution of the active substance, an increase in the surface area of absorption and absorption degree, as well as the possibility of use in children with difficulties in swallowing solid forms. The use of calcium and vitamin D supplements may reduce the risk of adverse events in children.KEYWORDS: calcium and phosphorus metabolism, bone tissue, calcium, children, adolescents, calcium deficiency, vitamin K, vitamin D.FOR CITATION: Taranushenko T.E., Kiseleva N.G. Prevention of calcium deficiency in children. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2020;4(8):511–517. DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2020-4-8-511-517.
Красноярский государственный медицинский университет им. проф. В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого Минздрава России 3 Красноярский краевой клинический центр охраны материнства и детства ОЦЕНКА ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ ФИЗИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ В ДЕТСКОМ ВОЗРАСТЕ В статье описаны методы оценки основных соматометрических показателей физического развития в детском возрастедлины и массы тела. Обсуждаются факторы, влияющие на нутритивный статус детей и подростков. Представлены унифицированные стандарты и перцентильные таблицы ВОЗ, используемые для оценки индивидуальных антропометрических параметров. Выделены критерии и основные причины нарушений роста (низкорослость, высокорослость) и веса (дефицит веса, избыточная масса тела, ожирение).
В статье представлено описание первичного врожденного гипотиреоза, сопровождающегося диффузным зобом, у ново рожденного ребенка. Ключевые слова: врождённый гипотиреоз, диффузный зоб, врожденные дефекты биосинтеза тиреоидных гормонов. The article provides a description of congenital hypothyroidism and goiter in a newborn baby.
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