FIn sub-Saharan Africa and singularly in Ivory Coast the anesthesia of the children in urgen cyisa real Challenge because of many risks to which it exposes. The lack of data at the University Hospital of Cocody has motivated this study whose the aim was to search the elements which can make it possible to predict the pediatric mortality in case of anesthesia in urgency in order to anticipate their occurred and in the worst case drawing up a protocol medical car for the children.Population and method: It was carried out over one 05 years period going from July 2008 to June 2012. It concerned all the children whose age lay between 0 and 15 years, which were taken charges with the min urgency under anesthesia with the service with anesthesia reanimation D "a Hospital and University D "Abidjan-Coast D" Ivory. Results and discussion:The factors forecast raised in this study are: Digestive pathologies, the young age, classification ASA, the absence of doctor anesthetist to the block, interventions carried out the night. Conclusion:The good practice of the pediatric anesthesia in urgency would pass by staff training in anesthesia of the children with blocks dedicated and equipped.