В Рязанской области за последние годы наблюдается тенденция сокращения поголовья дойных коров. Одновременно с этой тенденцией молочная продуктивность коров ежегодно увеличивается и по итогам 2018 года она составила 6872 кг. Общее поголовье крупного рогатого скота стабильно и составляет 161,5 тыс. голов, в том числе 53,2 тыс. голов. Наибольшее поголовье крупного рогатого скота - 74918 голов или 54,5, в том числе 45270 коров или 85,0 сосредоточено в пяти районах области: Рязанском, Рыбновском, Александро-Невском, Захаровском и Старожиловском. Производство молока составило 367986 тыс. т, что на 23719 тыс. т или 6,4 больше уровня прошлого года. Максимальный объем производства молока на предприятиях Рязанского района - 60,7 тыс. т Рыбновского - 50,3 тыс. т, Александро-Невского - 34,8 тыс. т, Старожиловского - 31,8 тыс. т и Захаровского - 30127 тыс. т. Крупнейшие предприятия по объёму производства сырого молока: ООО Авангард Рязанского района 30,05 тыс. т ООО Вакинское Агро Рыбновского района - 25,7 тыс. т ООО ОКА МОЛОКО ОП 3 Пителинского района - 18,2 тыс. т. ООО АПК Русь Рыбновского района -17,6 тыс. т. Для реализации генетического потенциала голштинского скота в Рязанской области создаются комфортные условия содержания, кормления, доения и первичной обработки молока в предприятиях: ООО Авангард роботизированная ферма Вакинское Агро АО Рассвет СПК Русь колхоз им. Ленина Касимовского района. Надой молока на 1 фуражную корову по сравнению с прошлым годом увеличился на 605 кг или 9,6 и составил 6872 кг. Максимальная молочная продуктивность коров - 10205 кг в АО Рассвет Рязанского района в ООО ОКА МОЛОКО ОП 3 Пителинского района - 9885 кг и в колхозе им. Ленина Касимовского района 9838 кг. В девяти хозяйствах области надоили более 8000 кг. Однако, высокая молочная продуктивность коров приводит к быстрой смене поколений животных за счет снижения воспроизводительной способности, яловости, мастита, травматизма и непригодности к машинному доению. Для успешного развития молочного скотоводства необходимо несколько кардинальных условий: наличие генетически обусловленного высокопродуктивного скота, хорошая кормовая база, современная специализированная технология производства молока, необходимые мощности по переработке молока и рынок сбыта. Одним из основных резервов увеличения молочной продуктивности коров является увеличение продуктивного долголетия, так как животные до выбытия из стада не успевают использовать свой продуктивный потенциал.In the Ryazan region in recent years there has been a tendency to reduce the number of dairy cows. Simultaneously with this trend, the dairy productivity of cows increases annually and at the end of 2018 it amounted to 6872 kg. the Total number of cattle is stable and is 161.5 thousand heads, including 53.2 thousand heads. The largest number of cattle-74918 heads or 54.5, including 45270 cows or 85.0 is concentrated in fi ve districts of the region: Ryazan, Rybnovsky, Alexander Nevsky, Zakharovsky and Starozhilovsky. Milk production amounted to 367986 thousand. tons, which is 23719 thousand tons or 6.4 more than last year. The maximum volume of milk production at the enterprises of the Ryazan area - 60,7 thousand t Rybnovskiy - 50,3 thousand tons, Alexander Nevsky - 34.8 thousand tonnes Sadovaya - 31.8 thousand tons and Zakharovskaya - 30127 tons the Largest enterprises by production volume of raw milk: Avangard Ryazan region of 30.05 kt of Vakinskoe agro Rybnovsky district - 25.7 thousand tons OOO OKA MILK OP 3 Pitelino district is 18.2 thousand tons OOO APK Rus Rybnovsky district -17,6 thousand tons. To realize the genetic potential of Holstein cattle in the Ryazan region, comfortable conditions for keeping, feeding, milking and primary processing of milk are created in the enterprises: LLC Avangard robotic farm Vakinskoye agro JSC Dawn SEC Rus collective farm. Lenin Kasimov district. Milk yield per 1 forage cow compared to last year increased by 605 kg or 9.6 and amounted to 6872 kg. the Maximum milk productivity of cows-10205 kg in JSC Dawn Ryazan region in LLC OKA MILK OP No. 3 Pitelinsky district-9885 kg and in the collective farm. In Kasimov district 9838 kg in nine farms of the region more than 8000 kg were fed. However, the high milk productivity of cows leads to a rapid change of generations of animals due to a decrease in reproductive capacity, cowhide, mastitis, injuries and unsuitability for machine milking. For the successful development of dairy cattle breeding, several cardinal conditions are necessary: the presence of genetically determined highly productive cattle, a good fodder base, modern specialized technology of milk production, the necessary capacity for milk processing and the market.One of the main reserves of increasing milk productivity of cows is to increase productive longevity, as animals do not have time to use their productive potential before leaving the herd.

The agricultural food industry is currently facing significant challenges. The development of the food industry, biotechnology, chemistry and related sciences has brought a huge number of new substances that can have a negative effect on humans, the level of environmental pollution has increased, which necessitates stricter requirements for food safety. The relevance of the problems of producing organic food, which has recently gone far beyond the boundaries of purely scientific interests, has made them the subject of discussion for various sectors of society. The demand for safe, environmentally friendly and biologically clean, and high-quality food is growing. At the same time, the production of agricultural and food products should be cost-effective. Today, bio-food markets have already formed in the world: these are plant growing products (fruits, vegetables), animal husbandry (dairy products), baby food, and grain. The growth of the cultural level of the population will increase the demand for beef and its processed products. In this regard, the study and search for safe natural components that affect the yield of meat and are able to efficiently convert the energy of food into organic protein are critical. The paper presents the results of studies of beef meat grown using the technology of intensive cultivation using a biostimulator of natural origin. A positive effect of humic natural substances on carcass morphology and beef quality has been proven. An additional reserve to provide an increase in consumer value and production of safe meat raw materials using a natural peat preparation is shown.

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Relevance. Against the background of stress and high physiological load, cows experience a lack of energy, the need for which increases many times over in comparison with the dry period, in connection with this, their body is forced to use the reserves of adipose tissue. It is important to timely prevent and monitor the status of cows during the transition period.Methods. The methodology of the work was to study the effectiveness of the use of immunostimulating drugs PS-2, Prevention-N-E and PDE + E-selen. For scientific research, 4 groups of down-calving cows of the Holsteinized Black-and-White breed were selected, 10 animals each. Dry cows of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups received PS-2 and Prevention-N-E intramuscularly at a dose of 10.0 ml three times (40, 20 and 10 days before calving), animals of the 3rd experimental group were injected subcutaneously with tissue preparation PDE (denatured emulsified placenta) at a dose of 20.0 ml and intramuscularly — with a complex mineral and vitamin preparation E-selen at a dose of 10.0 ml 20 days before calving. Biological preparations were not used in animals of the control group.Results. An analysis was made of the prevalence of postpartum metabolic disorders: clinically pronounced hypocalcemia was observed in 5.9% of the newly-calved cows, ketosis — in 11.6%, subclinical hypocalcemia — in 17.7%, and a latent form of ketosis — in 22.7%. Biological preparations PS-2 and Prevention-N-E have a corrective effect on the synthesis of aminotransferases, mineral and carbohydrate metabolism, digestibility of macronutrients, against which background the number of newly-calved cows with subclinical forms of ketosis and hypocalcemia is reduced by 2 times.

The human impact on the environment has led to the contamination of food raw materials and food products with toxic substances of various origins. A large global problem for the production of crop and livestock products was production and consumption waste, which are toxic to the environment and humans. Therefore, the global development of food production has a clear tendency to ensure its safety. Currently, special attention is being paid to the issues of production and sale, quality control and high-grade food products. This is one of the priority issues for introducing new systems for managing product quality and food safety. In the most general sense, food safety is the absence of possible damage, harm. Such a definition is relative and probabilistic, i.e. at the moment there is no threat, but it may arise in the future, or there is no mortal danger, for example, for a person, but there is a danger to his health. Therefore, when assessing suppliers of raw materials, a risk-based approach is often used based on an assessment not only of the actual condition of the enterprise, but also on further risks from the supplier. The goal of reducing the risk of diseases caused by the consumption of pollutants has been identified as one of the most important food safety issues in the country and around the world. Grain processing products are one of the main types of raw materials for the processing industry. Therefore, it is strategically important to consider the risks of wheat entering the mills. The article provides an overview of modern criteria for assessing suppliers of grain for the production of flour, taking into account global trends in the development of crops, as well as methods for assessing them.